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Crypto Terms Easily Explained

The #1 Largest Crypto Term Glossary

# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

1hr

1hr - The information for the previous hour is represented by a 1hr time unit.

24hr

24hr - The information for the previous 24 hours is represented by a 24hr time unit.

30d

30d - The information for the previous 30 days is represented by a 30d time measurement.

51% Attack

51% Attack - an instance when a fraudulent miner controls more than 50% of the total mining power and violates the blockchain's technology.

7d

7d - The information for the previous 7 days is represented by a 7d time measurement.

Absolute Advantage

Absolute Advantage - a structure in which one party has an advantage in performance when creating or providing services and products.

Abstract

Abstract - is a concept or idea that does not have a physical representation.

Account

Account - a record-tool that tracks the financial activities of a specific asset or revenue.

Accounting Token

Accounting Token - a tokenized credit or debit entry (IOU/UOM) on a distributed ledger.

Accumulation / Distribution Indicator

Accumulation / Distribution Indicator - The term “accumulation” represents the stage of buying or the demand, and “distribution” represents the stage of selling the supply of an asset.

Active Management

Active Management - an investment strategy that involves trading financial assets in order to profit from bull and bear markets.

Ad Hoc

Ad Hoc - a Latin phrase meaning “for this purpose”.

Adam Back

Adam Back - British cryptographer, cypherpunk, digital asset researcher, and inventor of Hashcash.

Adaptive State Sharding

Adaptive State Sharding - a sharding method used by Elrond that combines aspects of state, transactions, and network sharding.

Address

Address - a sequence of several alphanumeric characters that signify a wallet.

Adoption Curve

Adoption Curve - the pace and difficulty required to adopt a new technology.

Aeternity Blockchain

Aeternity Blockchain - a blockchain network that operates on a hybrid PoW/PoS consensus protocol.

Air Gap

Air Gap - is a replica copy of production information on a secondary storage system that is not connected to any production or public networks.

Airdrop

Airdrop - a marketing campaign designed to distribute a certain cryptocurrency or token as a participation incentive.

Airnode

Airnode - API gateway that acts as the Web3 oracle solution. It can link web APIs to blockchain applications.

Algo-Trading (Algorithmic Trading)

Algo-Trading (Algorithmic Trading) - a way of carrying out orders that uses automated and pre-programmed trading instructions to take factors like price, timing, and volume into account.

Algorithm

Algorithm - a process or set of rules that is followed in calculation operations, such as problem-solving or predictions, typically by a computer.

Algorithmic Market Operations (AMOs)

Algorithmic Market Operations (AMOs) - operations that automatically manage the supply of algorithmic stablecoins. They control the collateral ratio, improve scalability, decentralization, and transparency of the stablecoins.

Algorithmic Stablecoin

Algorithmic Stablecoin - is a crypto token that keeps the value of an asset by using price stabilization algorithms.

All or None Order (AON)

All or None Order (AON) - an order that has a set price and is made to purchase or sell a volume of assets.

All-Time-High (ATH)

All-Time-High (ATH) - an asset's highest price since its debut.

All-Time-Low (ATL)

All-Time-Low (ATL) - the lowest price point that a cryptocurrency has reached since its inception.

Allocation

Allocation - the act of distributing equity or crypto assets that can be earned, bought, or reserved to a certain entity.

Alpha Version

Alpha Version - is the first version that is not quite ready for release and requires testing to discover what the program is missing.

Alphanumeric

Alphanumeric - phrases consisting of letters or numbers; often used for passwords.

Altcoin

Altcoin - any cryptocurrency that isn’t Bitcoin; short for “alternative coin”.

Altcoin Trader

Altcoin Trader - a person who trades cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin.

Amazon S3

Amazon S3 - Amazon Simple Storage Service. Web-based cloud storage service.

AMLD5

AMLD5 - The European Union’s 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive; amendment of the Anti-Money Laundering (AML), published in 2018.

Anarcho-Capitalism

Anarcho-Capitalism - is an ideology in which John cryptographically protects Jane's digital money to avoid government control.

Angel Investor

Angel Investor - is a person who offers financial support to a startup firm in its early phases of growth.

Annual Percentage Rate (APR)

Annual Percentage Rate (APR) - the amount of interest a borrower is obliged to pay yearly. The APR is calculated by multiplying the periodic rate by the number of periods in one year.

Annual Percentage Yield (APY)

Annual Percentage Yield (APY) - the rate of return on investment that takes into account the effects of compounding interest.

Anonymous

Anonymous - something unknown, unnamed, or unidentified.

Anti-Dump/Anti-Dumping Policy

Anti-Dump/Anti-Dumping Policy - The anti-Dumping policy prevents investors from falling into the pump-and-dump scheme.

Anti-Fragile

Anti-Fragile - a property of an asset, which signifies that it performs better when exposed to volatility and risk.

Anti-Malware

Anti-Malware - a digital solution that protects computers and other electronic devices from malicious software by detecting and removing it from the system

Anti-Money Laundering (AML)

Anti-Money Laundering (AML) - refers to the prevention of illegal money movement around the world by an order of regulations.

Antivirus

Antivirus - software that's designed particularly to identify and remove viruses from a computer.

Apeing

Apeing - a phenomenon in the crypto industry when a trader purchases a token shortly after its project launch date without thoroughly researching it.

API

API - a form of software interface that assists other programs.

Application Layer

Application Layer - is the top layer of the seven-layered OSI model.

AR Token (Arweave)

AR Token (Arweave) - AR Token – a native token of Arweave.

Arbitrage

Arbitrage - the act of purchasing and selling the same asset in different markets nearly simultaneously to take advantage of the differing prices and increase profits.

Aroon Indicator

Aroon Indicator - is used to determine price trend changes in an asset as well as how the trend will perform. It also records the time it takes to rise and the time it takes to fall.

Ashdraked

Ashdraked - the loss of a trader’s entire invested capital after shorting Bitcoin; named after Bitcoin trader under the pseudonym “Lord Ashdrake”.

ASIC

ASIC - a device designed for cryptocurrency mining.

ASIC-Resistant

ASIC-Resistant - a term used to describe digital currencies that are less susceptible to ASIC mining.

Ask Price

Ask Price - the lowest price that a seller is willing to accept for an asset. Also known as offer price.

Asset Management

Asset Management - a method for managing assets.

Asset-Backed Tokens

Asset-Backed Tokens - digitally preoccupy actual assets that are backed by the asset itself.

Assets Under Management (AUM)

Assets Under Management (AUM) - total market values across all funds controlled by an individual or a financial institution

Astroturfing

Astroturfing - is a term that refers to a way of participating in marketing and public relations messaging that conceal their genuine motivations in a grassroots group in order to establish trust and authenticity.

Asynchronous

Asynchronous - two or more occurrences that do not happen at the same time; antonym of synchronous.

Atomic Swap

Atomic Swap - the process of transferring cryptocurrency directly between two parties, without the interference of a third party.

AtomicDEX

AtomicDEX - is a program designed by combining a decentralized exchange with a cryptocurrency wallet.

Attack Surface

Attack Surface - the weakest point of the system which can be breached by malicious actors.

Attestation Ledger

Attestation Ledger - is a document that authenticates a product or financial transaction while also certifying that it occurred.

Auction

Auction - a public sale of assets that are sold to the highest bidder.

Audit

Audit - is a method of discovering underlying bugs and points of failure prior to the deployment of the systems and applications.

Augmented Reality (AR)

Augmented Reality (AR) - a technology that allows three-dimensional digital objects to be seen and interacted with in the real world.

Authentication

Authentication - refers to the process of identifying if something is valid.

Automated Clearing House (ACH)

Automated Clearing House (ACH) - an electronic transaction processing network that is used to facilitate debit and credit transactions.

Automated Market Maker (AMM)

Automated Market Maker (AMM) - a liquidity pool protocol used in decentralized exchanges (DEX).

Autonomous Economic Agent (AEA)

Autonomous Economic Agent (AEA) - a software entity by Fetch.ai and the IOTA foundation that can act on its own, without external input, for the owner's benefit.

Average Directional Index (ADX)

Average Directional Index (ADX) - an indicator used to measure the strength of a market trend. The ADX is represented by numeric figures between 1 and 100.

Bag

Bag - is a crypto word that refers to a large quantity of a specific coin.

Bag-Holder

Bag-Holder - is often an investor who holds his bag of coins for an extended length of time despite the fact that the assets are performing badly.

Baker

Baker - a user on the Tezos blockchain responsible for appending new transaction blocks via the Proof-of-Stake baking method.

Baking

Baking - the Proof-of-Stake method used on the Tezos blockchain to create new transaction blocks.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth - the amount of data that can be transmitted per second.

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

Bank for International Settlements (BIS) - an international financial institution that promotes global financial and monetary stability.

Bank Run

Bank Run - an instance when a large group of depositors simultaneously withdraw their funds from a bank, a crypto exchange, or another financial institution, generally out of concern that the institution will run out of funds.

Banking as a Service (BaaS)

Banking as a Service (BaaS) - Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) – an end-to-end process that ensures a higher level of financial transparency. Not to be confused with Blockchain-as-a-Service or Backend-as-a-Service.

Banking Secrecy Act (BSA)

Banking Secrecy Act (BSA) - The Banking Secrecy Act prohibits fraudsters from laundering and concealing their unlawful proceeds.

Basket

Basket - a service that allows traders to manage a collection of cryptocurrencies as a singular asset.

Batch Auctions

Batch Auctions - a trading method of grouping together individual orders and executing them all at the same time.

Beacon Chain

Beacon Chain - is in charge of managing and organizing the expanding network of shards and stakers.

Bear

Bear - a person who holds the belief that the market prices will decline over a prolonged period of time.

Bear Market

Bear Market - a market in which prices have fallen by 20% or more since their previous peak.

Bear Trap

Bear Trap - is a method of manipulating the price of a specific cryptocurrency with the goal to earn profit.

Bearwhale

Bearwhale - a person who possesses a high volume of cryptocurrencies and uses them to lower the market price as a means of profit.

Benchmark

Benchmark - a reference point used in performance analysis to compare different assets.

Benchmark Index

Benchmark Index - is a collection of securities that are used to assess the performance of other assets in the market.

BEP-2 (Binance Chain Tokenization Standard)

BEP-2 (Binance Chain Tokenization Standard) - a management methodology for utilizing tokens on the Binance Chain.

BEP-20

BEP-20 - a token standard for using tokens on the Binance Chain.

BEP-721

BEP-721 - BEP-721 is a Binance Smart Chain standard for tokens.

BEP-95 (Bruno Hard Fork Upgrade)

BEP-95 (Bruno Hard Fork Upgrade) - Binance Evolution Protocol, aiming to optimize the speed of the BNB burning process.

Beta (Coefficient)

Beta (Coefficient) - a tool for comparing the volatility of a single asset to the volatility of the entire market or a specific portfolio.

Beta (Release)

Beta (Release) - During the beta testing stage testers try to discover bugs regarding security, efficacy, and availability.

Bid Price

Bid Price - is the amount that a certain individual is down to pay for an asset, service, commodity, or contract in financial markets.

Bid-Ask Spread

Bid-Ask Spread - the difference between the highest price buyers are willing to pay for an asset and the lowest price the seller is willing to agree with.

Big Tech

Big Tech - the four biggest IT companies in the US – Meta (Facebook), Apple, Google, and Amazon. Microsoft is occasionally included in the list.

Binance Blockchain Charity Foundation (BCF)

Binance Blockchain Charity Foundation (BCF) - a decentralized platform for charity purposes.

Binance Community Vote

Binance Community Vote - an opportunity to vote on Binance projects.

Binance Ecosystem Fund (BEF)

Binance Ecosystem Fund (BEF) - a support fund on Binance.

Binance Labs

Binance Labs - is an initiative that seeks out and motivates promising blockchain leaders, communities, and enterprises.

Binance Launchpad

Binance Launchpad - a crowdfunding platform that provides support for crypto startups within the Binance ecosystem.

Binary Code

Binary Code - is the most standard type of programming code, consisting of a series of 0s and 1s that a computer can interpret.

Bit (Bitcoin)

Bit (Bitcoin) - a unit of a single Bitcoin.

Bit (Computing)

Bit (Computing) - Bit – a basic unit of information, the smallest unit in computing.

Bitcoin

Bitcoin - the first-ever cryptocurrency.

Bitcoin ATM (BTM)

Bitcoin ATM (BTM) - Bitcoin ATM is a teller machine that enables users to purchase or sell Bitcoin using fiat currency.

Bitcoin Core

Bitcoin Core - a piece of software that allows running nodes.

Bitcoin Dominance (BTCD)

Bitcoin Dominance (BTCD) - a metric used to show what share of the cryptocurrency market cap is owned by Bitcoin.

Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP)

Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) - is a collection of documents that propose specific modifications to Bitcoin.

Bitcoin Pizza

Bitcoin Pizza - an event in Bitcoin history when Laszlo Hanyecz paid Jeremy Sturdivant 10,000 BTC for two pizzas.

Bitcoiner

Bitcoiner - Bitcoiners are Bitcoin devotees that are heavily involved in the cryptocurrency sector.

Bitcointalk

Bitcointalk - is the leading online forum dedicated to Bitcoin-related issues and topics.

BitLicense

BitLicense - a license issued by the New York State Department of Financial Services. It regulates cryptocurrency business activities in New York.

BitPay

BitPay - a Bitcoin payment network operator that enables payments to be sent straight to the seller's bank account.

Bitstream

Bitstream - is a collection of digital bits of information (ones and zeros) that may be sent from one device to another.

Black Hat Hacker

Black Hat Hacker - a hacker that uses malware to break into a computer or a computer system to steal data.

Black Swan Event

Black Swan Event - is commonly characterized as an unanticipated incident that has a major impact on a previously, as thought, foreseen event.

Blake-256

Blake-256 - a hash algorithm used in Decred.

Block

Block - a structural unit of a blockchain that contains information about a transaction.

Block Explorer

Block Explorer - is a blockchain search program that uses an internet interface to provide users with information on addresses, payments, blocks, and fees.

Block Header

Block Header - is a type of header that is used to identify certain blocks inside a blockchain network.

Block Height

Block Height - a measure used to determine the number of blocks before a specific block on the blockchain. Each block is assigned a height value.

Block Producer

Block Producer - a person or a group of people who employ their hardware to verify blocks on Delegated-Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) blockchains.

Block Reward

Block Reward - is the amount of bitcoin received by a miner after successfully mining a block by solving a cryptographic challenge to generate a new block.

Block Size

Block Size - refers to the amount of space that a single block has for storing transaction data.

Block Time

Block Time - the time required for a blockchain-based system to generate a new block.

Block Trade

Block Trade - a large-scale transaction outside of an open market.

Blockchain

Blockchain - a collection of separate blocks that store information about various transactions.

Blockchain 1.0

Blockchain 1.0 - is the version of blockchain technology that was focused on cryptocurrency and decentralization.

Blockchain 2.0

Blockchain 2.0 - is an addition to blockchain 1.0 that focuses on the decentralization of organizations and businesses by using smart contracts.

Blockchain 3.0

Blockchain 3.0 - the latest iteration of blockchain technology development.

Blockchain Explorer

Blockchain Explorer - is a program that allows users to look through the blockchain records.

Blockchain Transmission Protocol (BTP)

Blockchain Transmission Protocol (BTP) - a technology that enables compatibility between diverse blockchains by allowing data exchange and value transfer.

Blockchain Trilemma

Blockchain Trilemma - an idea that discusses the problems of security, decentralization, and ease of use.

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Lock

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Lock - smart locks developed using blockchain technology.

Bloom Filter

Bloom Filter - a data structure that determines if an item is a part of a set or not.

BNB

BNB - a crypto token based on the Binance blockchain.

Bollinger Band

Bollinger Band - a tool designed to aid in the detection of system patterns in pricing.

Bonding Curve

Bonding Curve - a mathematical curve that is used to define the relationship between an asset’s price and supply.

Bots

Bots - A bot is a software application that conducts automated network tasks.

Bounty

Bounty - a reward given to users for completing certain tasks on the blockchain.

Brave Browser

Brave Browser - an open-source, privacy-focused web browser.

BRC-20

BRC-20 - an experimental token standard that allows the creation of fungible tokens on the Bitcoin network using the Ordinals protocol.

Break-Even Point (BEP)

Break-Even Point (BEP) - when total revenue and total cost are exactly the same.

Breakeven Multiple

Breakeven Multiple - a number that needs to be multiplied in order to reach its Breakeven Point (BEP).

Breaking

Breaking - is an act of dividing as a result of some major event.

Breakout

Breakout - a shift in the price of an asset when it rises above a resistance line or falls below a support line.

Brian Armstrong

Brian Armstrong - is the CEO and creator of Coinbase, as well as a business leader and investor.

Bridge

Bridge - a protocol that allows data transfer between two different blockchain networks.

Browser Extension

Browser Extension - a plugin that provides a browser with additional functionality.

Brute Force Attack (BFA)

Brute Force Attack (BFA) - A brute force attack is a type of hacking technique that relies on trial and error to compromise passwords, encryption keys, and login credentials.

Bubble

Bubble - is defined as an event in which an asset is exchanged at a price that exceeds the item's intrinsic worth.

Bug Bounty

Bug Bounty - a reward offered to users that detect software bugs and vulnerabilities.

Bug Exploit

Bug Exploit - is a type of attack that focuses on the system's weak areas.

BUIDL

BUIDL - community contributions to the entire blockchain ecosystem via active engagement as opposed to passive HODLing.

Bull

Bull - a trader who strategizes their investments with the expectation that an asset’s price will increase.

Bull Market

Bull Market - in cryptocurrency refers to a time in which asset prices grow dramatically.

Bull Run

Bull Run - a time period when the prices of certain assets are increasing in the financial market.

Bull Trap

Bull Trap - happens when a continuously decreasing asset appears to turn and rise, only to quickly revert to its downward trend.

Burning

Burning - the process of permanently taking cryptocurrency coins or tokens out of circulation.

Buy The (F*******) Dip (BTD/BTFD)

Buy The (F*******) Dip (BTD/BTFD) - a slang phrase used by crypto enthusiasts to encourage buying an asset at a low market price.

Buy Wall

Buy Wall - occurs when a massive limit order is placed to purchase when the price of a cryptocurrency hits a specific level.

Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)

Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) - the property of computer systems making them able to reach consensus ignoring the failure of some of their components.

Byzantine Generals’ Problem

Byzantine Generals’ Problem - The Byzantine Generals' Problem refers to the difficulty that decentralized systems have in reaching a single truth.

Byzantium Fork

Byzantium Fork - is a blockchain update that improves security, privacy, and scalability.

C++

C++ - an extension of the C programming language. It is used for cross-platform developments.

Call Option

Call Option - a financial contract that gives the buyer the right but not the obligation to purchase an asset at a set price.

Candidate Block

Candidate Block - a block that a miner is required to mine as a method of gaining rewards.

Candlesticks

Candlesticks - a price tool that reveals excessive data about the price, as well as the open, close, high, and low for a specific time frame.

Capital

Capital - a large sum of money used for an investment.

Capital Efficiency

Capital Efficiency - a ratio between a company’s revenue spending and returns made as profit.

Capital Funds

Capital Funds - Capital funding is the money supplied in the shape of debt or equity to run a business.

Capitulation

Capitulation - is when users sell their cryptocurrencies or assets despite a big loss since they don’t believe that the price will ever increase again.

Casascius Coin

Casascius Coin - is a physical, metal coin of Bitcoin, that can have different designs, types, sizes, and is usually possessed by niche collectors.

Cash

Cash - is a physical form of currency.

Casper (Ethereum)

Casper (Ethereum) - Casper – a protocol aimed at converting the Ethereum network into a Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchain.

Cathie Wood

Cathie Wood - Catherine Wood is the founder of ARK Invest.

CeDeFi

CeDeFi - Centralized Decentralized Finance; a financial system that adopts aspects of both centralized and decentralized finance.

Censorship

Censorship - is the suppression of written or spoken language or media that is harmful to the public.

Censorship Resistance

Censorship Resistance - the idea that no one can be prevented from using a given platform or network by any party.

Central Bank

Central Bank - a financial institution that oversees the commercial banking system of a state or an economic union of nations and manages the monetary policies.

Central Bank Digital Currency

Central Bank Digital Currency - (CBDC) is a fiat currency that exists in a digital form.

Central Ledger

Central Ledger - a bookkeeping tool to record economic transactions.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Central Processing Unit (CPU) - one of the core parts of the computer structure which is responsible for handling all processes.

Centralized

Centralized - services are governed by a authority that makes decisions and manages the system's operation.

Centralized Exchange (CEX)

Centralized Exchange (CEX) - a cryptocurrency exchange platform that is operated by a centralized entity.

Certificate of Deposit (CD)

Certificate of Deposit (CD) - is a savings account that keeps a fixed amount of money for a set period of time and allows users to earn an interest rate premium after making a deposit.

Chain Reorganization

Chain Reorganization - a blockchain process when node operators replace old blocks and adopt new ones to create longer data chains.

Chain Split

Chain Split - Chain splits are cryptocurrency forks that relate to the separation of a single initial coin into many separately managed initiatives.

Change

Change - in UTXO models, the amount of cryptocurrency that is sent back to the owner after using unspent outputs to initiate the transaction process.

Change Address

Change Address - occurs when a user uses an input that is worth more than the transaction cost, the extra funds are sent back to the users as change through a newly generated address.

Changpeng Zhao (CZ)

Changpeng Zhao (CZ) - founder of the crypto exchange Binance.

Chargeback

Chargeback - a protective tool that returns payers their money for a transaction, usually one done using a debit or credit card.

Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)

Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) - is one of the largest and most essential exchanges in the United States.

Chunk (NEAR)

Chunk (NEAR) - A chunk is a portion of each block produced via sharding on NEAR.

Cipher

Cipher - an algorithm used in data encryption and decryption.

Ciphertext

Ciphertext - the encrypted form of plaintext after applying a cipher to secure the message.

Circulating Supply

Circulating Supply - is the number of cryptocurrency coins or tokens that are publicly available and circulating in the market.

Client

Client - software used on local computers to access and process transactions that are done on the blockchain.

Close

Close - the closing price of the market that's used in traditional and crypto markets.

Cloud

Cloud - is a collection of servers that may be accessed through the use of an internet connection.

Cloud Mining

Cloud Mining - the process of using rented cloud computing power to mine cryptocurrencies.

Co-Signer

Co-Signer - is an extra individual who has some authority over a cryptocurrency wallet.

Code

Code - A series of characters, symbols, numbers, or sentences that result in programming statements are referred to as code.

Coin

Coin - Coins are cryptocurrencies that function according to their own blockchains and are unconnected to other cryptocurrencies.

Coin Mixer

Coin Mixer - Users can utilize a coin mixer to combine transfers across various cryptocurrency addresses.

Coinbase (Mining)

Coinbase (Mining) - the number of coins awarded to miners for mining new cryptocurrency blockchain blocks.

Coinbase Transaction

Coinbase Transaction - is the initial transaction in a single block within the blockchain.

Cold Storage

Cold Storage - a sort of offline cryptocurrency wallet.

Cold Wallet

Cold Wallet - a cryptocurrency wallet that is not connected to any network while not in use.

Collateral

Collateral - an asset that acts as a security to ensure that borrowers repay their loans to lenders.

Collateral Tokens

Collateral Tokens - tokens that can cover at least a portion of a loan.

Collateralization

Collateralization - the process of setting an asset as a repayment reassurance when taking out a loan.

Collateralized Debt Obligation

Collateralized Debt Obligation - (CDO) is a complex financing mechanism supported by a pool of loans and other assets.

Collateralized Debt Position (CDP)

Collateralized Debt Position (CDP) - a position that is created when collateral is locked into a MakerDAO’s smart contract. It generates the decentralized stablecoin DAI.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligation (CMO)

Collateralized Mortgage Obligation (CMO) - a package of mortgage bundles sold to investors.

Collateralized Stablecoin

Collateralized Stablecoin - a stablecoin that is partially or entirely backed by collateral.

Colocation

Colocation - a specialized space in a stock exchange's data center that is shared with other parties, such as high-frequency traders.

Commingling

Commingling - a process of pooling all funds from different investors into one investment to maximize their benefits.

Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)

Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) - is a separate government organization in charge of the derivatives markets.

Composable DeFi

Composable DeFi - the capability of DeFi protocols to work in tandem.

Composable Token

Composable Token - is an ERC-998 token.

Confirmation

Confirmation - When a cryptocurrency transaction is included in a block on the blockchain, it is regarded as confirmed.

Confirmation Time

Confirmation Time - the amount of time passed from the second a transaction is sent to the second it’s recorded in the blockchain network.

Confluence

Confluence - a combination of technical indicators, trading signals, and investment methods that are incorporated to create a more trustworthy investment strategy.

Consensus

Consensus - an agreement reached between all network participants on the content and order of the blockchain blocks.

Consensus Mechanism

Consensus Mechanism - the technology required for the main blockchain functionalities.

ConsenSys

ConsenSys - is a blockchain software technology company that provides a variety of business solutions and developer tools.

Consortium Blockchain

Consortium Blockchain - a privately owned blockchain where the information is not publicly available outside the consortium.

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Consumer Price Index (CPI) - is an indicator that analyses the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer products and services.

Contract

Contract - in traditional finance, a binding agreement between two or more parties. In crypto, smart contracts are self-executing computer programs.

Contract Account

Contract Account - is one that has a connected code and a crypto balance.

Contract for Difference (CFD)

Contract for Difference (CFD) - a contract that shapes a buyer’s responsibility to pay a price difference if it happens when shifting the estimation of an asset.

Coordinator

Coordinator - a specialized client on a blockchain network that lets the network nodes verify the validity of their ledger copy compared to the original transaction data.

Copy Trading

Copy Trading - mimicking other traders' moves, typically those of more experienced ones.

Core Wallet

Core Wallet - keeps the whole blockchain as opposed to a particular piece of it.

Corporate Treasury

Corporate Treasury - is developed to control the risk, funds, liquidity, capital reserves of a firm to go hand in hand with its methods.

Correction

Correction - an event in the financial market when an asset’s value suddenly decreases by at least 10% to adjust for over-valuation

CPU Miner

CPU Miner - a software program that relies on the CPU to mine cryptocurrency.

Craig Wright

Craig Wright - is an Australian computer scientist who claims to be the inventor of Bitcoin.

Credentials

Credentials - passwords, email addresses, usernames, and other personal information used for identification.

Credit Rating

Credit Rating - a metric used to determine if a borrower is able to repay a loan.

Credit Risk

Credit Risk - a metric that determines whether a lending entity would lose money if the borrower were unable to repay the loan.

Cross-Border Trading

Cross-Border Trading - The ability to trade across borders using a local currency and often against a local counterparty is referred to as cross-border trading.

Cross-Chain

Cross-Chain - technology that enables interconnectivity between two different blockchain systems.

Cross-Chain Communication

Cross-Chain Communication - The movement of data between one or more blockchains is referred to as cross-chain communications.

Crowdfunding

Crowdfunding - a method of raising money via fundraisers on different online platforms.

Crowdloan

Crowdloan - a method for new crypto projects to raise funds via Polkadot and Kusama blockchain networks.

Crypto Asset

Crypto Asset - a digital asset that functions as a cryptocurrency or a decentralized application and relies on cryptographic technology for operations.

Crypto Broker

Crypto Broker - a platform, business, or individual that acts as an intermediary connecting traders to the cryptocurrency market for buying and selling digital assets.

Crypto Debit Card

Crypto Debit Card - is a sort of debit card that enables its owner to pay for products and services using Ethereum (ETH), Bitcoin (BTC), Litecoin (LTC), and other cryptocurrencies.

Crypto Gambling

Crypto Gambling - a form of online gambling that is based on smart contracts and uses cryptocurrencies as a means of payment.

Crypto Invoicing

Crypto Invoicing - is the practice of creating invoices for products and services that must be paid in cryptocurrency.

Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency - a digital or virtual currency.

Cryptocurrency Money Laundering

Cryptocurrency Money Laundering - the criminal activity of transferring fiat to cryptocurrency and routing it via multiple pathways.

Cryptocurrency Pairs

Cryptocurrency Pairs - Cryptocurrency pairings are assets that can be swapped for each other on an exchange.

Cryptographic Hash Function

Cryptographic Hash Function - an algorithm that produces fixed-size hash values from variable-size transaction inputs.

Cryptography

Cryptography - is an area of research and technique that secures data by prohibiting unauthorized third parties from accessing it.

Cryptojacking

Cryptojacking - The utilization of another side's computer to mine cryptocurrency without their permission is referred to as cryptojacking.

Cryptology

Cryptology - The scientific research of cryptography and cryptanalysis is known as cryptology.

CryptoPunks

CryptoPunks - is a popular Ethereum-based non-fungible token (NFT) collection.

Currency

Currency - a financial medium of exchange that is used to define value.

Currency Crisis

Currency Crisis - a financial emergency event caused by the fiat currency of a state losing its value, leading to reduced investments in the state’s assets.

Curve AMO

Curve AMO - is a software program that manages an AMM (automated market maker) system centered on stablecoins by utilizing numerous cryptocurrencies.

Custodial

Custodial - a type of a system in which the service provider has the private keys required to access the clients’ funds.

Custodian

Custodian - a business responsible for the safekeeping of financial assets in its custody on behalf of an individual or an institution.

Custody

Custody - is the process through which financial institutions hold and safeguard the financial assets of their clients in order to prevent asset fraud or loss.

Cypherpunk

Cypherpunk - a movement focused on cryptography and privacy-focused technologies.

Daedalus Wallet

Daedalus Wallet - is an open-source, hierarchical-deterministic wallet available on multiple platforms.

Daemon

Daemon - a background process that executes specific functions in specific events.

DAO Summoning

DAO Summoning - the creation of a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO).

Dark Web

Dark Web - is an encrypted online material that is not indexed or recorded by traditional search engines and can only be accessed using particular authorizations.

Darknodes

Darknodes - are the specific nodes that interact with one another to run the Secure Order Matcher.

Data Privacy

Data Privacy - the handling of sensitive data for security and protection.

Data Scraping

Data Scraping - is the process of utilizing computer software to collect information from websites and store it in local databases or other applications.

Date of Launch

Date of Launch - the date when the initial coin offering (ICO) tokens are launched for sale.

Day Trading

Day Trading - the activity of buying and selling assets on a frequent basis in order to profit from price movements.

Dead Cat Bounce

Dead Cat Bounce - a temporary recovery of the asset price after a prolonged period of decrease.

Dead Coin

Dead Coin - is a digital token that is no longer existing.

Death Cross

Death Cross - is a bearish technical trading signal that indicates the possibility of a massive sell-off.

Decentralization

Decentralization - a system where control is given to all network nodes instead of one central authority.

Decentralization Maximalism

Decentralization Maximalism - is an outlook that highlights the benefits of decentralization in every aspect of one’s lifestyle.

Decentralization Ratio

Decentralization Ratio - the ratio of decentralized collateral value over the total supply of stablecoins backed for those assets.

Decentralized API (dAPI)

Decentralized API (dAPI) - decentralized application programming interface. A blockchain-based API service.

Decentralized Applications (dApps)

Decentralized Applications (dApps) - an application that operates without a centralized, governing authority, most commonly on a blockchain.

Decentralized Autonomous Cooperative (DAC)

Decentralized Autonomous Cooperative (DAC) - an organization governed by stakeholders instead of a central authority.

Decentralized Autonomous Initial Coin Offering (DAICO)

Decentralized Autonomous Initial Coin Offering (DAICO) - a funding campaign for new crypto projects that employed a decentralized governance model.

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO)

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) - an organization developed by a set of computer-defined rules and blockchain-based smart contracts.

Decentralized Currency

Decentralized Currency - wealth and commodity transfer method without the interference of banks.

Decentralized Database

Decentralized Database - is a storage system that combines decentralized technology with cutting-edge computers to store information and documents at random among several nodes.

Decentralized Exchange (DEX)

Decentralized Exchange (DEX) - a peer-to-peer cryptocurrency exchange service that conducts trading without an intermediary.

Decentralized Governance

Decentralized Governance - refers to the procedures completed by a platform's elimination of intermediaries in buyer-seller transactions, as well as competent management for blockchain networks and dApps.

Decentralized Identifier (DID)

Decentralized Identifier (DID) - proof of ownership of a digital identity (ID) issued by autonomous decentralized platforms.

Decentralized Marketplace

Decentralized Marketplace - is a virtual market in which investors conduct transactions directly with one another rather than through a centralized exchange.

Decentralized Network

Decentralized Network - consists of multiple protocols diffused throughout several computer devices or nodes.

Decentralized Payment Network

Decentralized Payment Network - allows individuals to trade funds without the requirement for a third party to intervene to keep the network safe and functional.

Decentralized Social Media

Decentralized Social Media - a platform driven by distributed ledger technologies such as blockchain or DAG.

Decentralized Stablecoin

Decentralized Stablecoin - Decentralized stablecoins are non-custodial, not maintained by a third party, and are completely transparent.

Decryption

Decryption - is referred to the process of converting information back into a readable structure.

Deep Web

Deep Web - is a part of the internet that is not accessible through search engines.

DeFi

DeFi - a financial system that operates on secure distributed ledgers.

DeFi Aggregator

DeFi Aggregator - it unites deals from many decentralized exchanges (DEXs) into a single spot.

DeFi Degens

DeFi Degens - Defi degens, short for DeFi degenerates, is a subculture of decentralized finance that is known for its pump and dump scams.

Deflation

Deflation - is an overall decline in prices for products and services.

Delegated Proof-of-Stake

Delegated Proof-of-Stake - an alternative to the Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism in which users have to vote and elect delegates for block validation.

Delisting

Delisting - is the process of deleting a stock, cryptocurrency, or asset from an exchange platform.

Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack

Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack - When a computer or network service becomes unavailable to its user, this is referred to as a denial-of-service attack.

Depth Chart

Depth Chart - is a tool for assessing cryptocurrency supply and demand at any given period and price.

Derivative

Derivative - a financial instrument whose value is derived from the value of the underlying asset.

Derivatives Market

Derivatives Market - is a public market made for derivatives.

Design Flaw Attack

Design Flaw Attack - a sort of attack that uses the flaws of software design.

Desktop Wallet

Desktop Wallet - A software wallet that is usually non-custodial refers to a desktop wallet.

Deterministic Wallet

Deterministic Wallet - is a type of cryptocurrency wallet in which addresses and keys are generated from a single seed.

DEX Aggregator

DEX Aggregator - a blockchain-based service that gives the opportunity for cryptocurrency traders to gain profit from several financial tools in a single interface.

Diamond Hands

Diamond Hands - On social media sites, the term "Diamond Hands" refers to users who continue to keep their coins after a 20% drop in the value of their portfolio.

Difficulty

Difficulty - is the degree of how difficult it is to validate a new block on a blockchain.

Difficulty Bomb

Difficulty Bomb - the amplification of mining difficulty within the Ethereum blockchain as a means to transition from a Proof-of-Work system to a Proof-of-Stake system.

Digital

Digital - a form of technology that can store, generate or process data.

Digital Art

Digital Art - is one that was made using digital technology.

Digital Asset

Digital Asset - is anything digital of value.

Digital Asset Custodian

Digital Asset Custodian - is a person who is committed to managing valuable assets on behalf of an investment or customer.

Digital Asset Ecosystem

Digital Asset Ecosystem - is an area that encompasses all aspects of the crypto world.

Digital Barter Economy

Digital Barter Economy - is the exchange of products and services directly.

Digital Commodity

Digital Commodity - a product that exists digitally.

Digital Currency

Digital Currency - is simply a digital type of currency that can perform all of the functions of fiat money.

Digital Dollar

Digital Dollar - is one that exists exclusively in digital form.

Digital Identity

Digital Identity - is the data used to identify a person to a computer or network.

Digital Signature

Digital Signature - a digital tool used as a proof of identification.

Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA)

Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) - enables the use of digital signatures that’s based on a signature algorithm.

Dildo

Dildo - a vertical green or red line on a graph that represents crypto price movements.

Dip

Dip - occurs when the price of an asset in the market falls for a short or long period of time.

Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)

Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) - a directed graph with no directed cycles, vertices, and edges.

Discord

Discord - is a web-based communication platform or application that was developed for games to communicate with one another.

Distributed Consensus

Distributed Consensus - is a group agreement that is completed by nodes in a particular network.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack - a sort of cyberattack which happens when a network is overloaded with transactions.

Distributed Ledger

Distributed Ledger - is a ledger in which data is kept throughout a network of decentralized nodes.

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) - a technological system and protocols that allow for irreversible input, verification, and documentation alteration over a network that spans several businesses or places.

Distributed Network

Distributed Network - a type of network structure where applications and data rely on multiple different sources.

Divergence

Divergence - a case when an asset’s market price and a certain piece of data (usually a technical indicator) move in opposite directions.

Diversification

Diversification - is a risk-management strategy that combines many investments into a single portfolio.

Documentation

Documentation - is a section that keeps all the data of an asset on the blockchain.

Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)

Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) - an investment strategy where a person invests the same amount of money for set period of time.

Dolphin

Dolphin - an entity with a moderate size of cryptocurrency holdings.

Dominance

Dominance - is a measure of Bitcoin’s worth in the major cryptocurrency market.

Dorian Nakamoto

Dorian Nakamoto - is a Japanese-American engineer who some believe is Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin.

DotSama

DotSama - a crypto portmanteau used to describe the Kusama and Polkadot ecosystems.

Double Spend Attack

Double Spend Attack - a malicious practice in the crypto sphere when the same amount of cryptocurrency is spent twice.

Double-Spending

Double-Spending - when the same digital currency unit is spent twice.

Drawdown

Drawdown - the greatest drop in value from a peak value of an investment over a certain time period.

Dual-Token Model (Two-Token Economy)

Dual-Token Model (Two-Token Economy) - a crypto project that utilizes two tokens. One token is used to fulfill certain activities within the blockchain network. The other token serves as a security to raise funds for the project.

Dump

Dump - happens when a big amount of cryptocurrency is sold quickly with hopes of gaining a large profit.

Dumping

Dumping - is a practice that emerges when the market is influenced by factors such as economic instability in global markets or in response to a specific news occurrence.

Dust Transaction

Dust Transaction - minuscule amounts of near-worthless crypto assets whose combined value is smaller than the transaction fees.

Dusting Attack

Dusting Attack - Dusting attacks occur when malicious individuals take advantage of users that don’t pay attention to the small number on their wallet address so they start “dusting” a big number of addresses by sending a few satoshis to them.

DYCO (Dynamic Coin Offering)

DYCO (Dynamic Coin Offering) - is a financing platform created by DAO Maker.

DYOR

DYOR - acronym for “do your own research”.

E-Signature

E-Signature - electronic signature; an electronic tool used as a substitute for a physical signature when signing various documents.

Eclipse Attack

Eclipse Attack - a blockchain attack that muddles the connection between nodes.

Economic Utility

Economic Utility - refers to the total fulfillment that an individual may acquire by obtaining a product or service.

Edge Nodes

Edge Nodes - a group of scenarios that connect the user's device to the devices in the cluster.

Effective Proof-of-Stake (EPoS)

Effective Proof-of-Stake (EPoS) - is a variant of the Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism introduced by Harmony.

Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH)

Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) - an economic theory that implies that any information about the price of an asset can be accessed in financial markets at any time.

ELI5

ELI5 - is an acronym for “explain to me like I’m five”. It's a request to simplify a concept.

Elliott Waves

Elliott Waves - Elliot Waves Theory is a tool to analyze price fluctuations in the financial markets.

EMA (Exponential Moving Average)

EMA (Exponential Moving Average) - an indicator used to show the recent changes in price while maintaining the observations of older charts.

Email Spoofing

Email Spoofing - Email spooning is a method of tricking users into believing that a message came from a different sender.

Emission

Emission - Emissions are related to the rate at which new coins are released.

Encryption

Encryption - a method of securing information by turning it into code.

Enterprise Blockchain

Enterprise Blockchain - is a type of permissioned blockchain that’s designed for the specific needs of a business.

Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)

Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA) - EEA is a crowd of businesses and organizations that collaborate on upgrading the Ethereum network.

Epoch

Epoch - in computer science, a run of algorithmic training of a dataset; in crypto, a specific period of time.

Equity

Equity - is the money that would be sent back to an organization's investors if all of the company's assets were liquidated and obligations were paid off.

Erasure Encoding

Erasure Encoding - is a simple technique to encode information in a safe format.

ERC-1155

ERC-1155 - an Ethereum-based token standard that offers higher security and tradeability compared to the older ERC standards.

ERC-20

ERC-20 - a token standard developed and used in the Ethereum ecosystem.

ERC-223

ERC-223 - an Ethereum-based token powered by smart contracts. It allows secure transfer of tokens into a digital wallet.

ERC-4337

ERC-4337 - an Ethereum standard that allows account abstraction without altering the consensus layer.

ERC-721

ERC-721 - a token standard for non-fungible tokens based on Ethereum.

ERC-777

ERC-777 - a token standard for producing fungible tokens on the Ethereum network, which allows a novel token contract interaction method that is backward compatible.

ERC-827

ERC-827 - an Ethereum-based token standard that implements calls in transfers and approvals.

ERC-884

ERC-884 - Each ERC-884 token determines a particular share in a Delaware company, following the standard of David Sag.

ERC-948

ERC-948 - an Ethereum-based token protocol that enables subscription-based transactions between businesses and customers.

Escrow

Escrow - a financial mechanism where the assets are held by a third party throughout deal negotiations between the buyer and the seller.

Esports

Esports - competitive digital gaming scene where players compete in tournaments against each other solo or in teams for a certain prize or title.

Ethash

Ethash - Proof-of-Work (PoW) mining method used in the Ethereum ecosystem.

Ether

Ether - the cryptocurrency that is used in the Ethereum blockchain.

Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)

Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) - is a document that depicts the Ethereum platform's standards.

Ethereum Request For Comment (ERC)

Ethereum Request For Comment (ERC) - a set of rules that govern the formatting and transmission of data.

Ethereum Transaction

Ethereum Transaction - Ethereum transactions are cryptographically signed instructions from accounts that are used to initiate transactions that affect the state of the Ethereum network.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) - a Turing-complete blockchain-based software that executes code exactly the way it was intended.

Event Trigger

Event Trigger - is a process that initiates a planned event.

Exchange

Exchange - A cryptocurrency exchange is a virtual marketplace that lets customers trade cryptocurrencies as well as assets for other cryptocurrencies or fiat money.

Exchange Traded Fund (ETF)

Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) - a security that is used to track basket assets, which can be traded as a single stock.

Exit Scam

Exit Scam - is a means of causing projects to go down or disappear after obtaining the investor's finances.

Fakeout

Fakeout - a false signal indicating a price movement that goes in the opposite direction than the one predicted.

Falling Knife

Falling Knife - a market event when the price of an asset suddenly plummets.

Falling wedge

Falling wedge - a pattern in technical analysis charts that has a bullish bias and a distinct downward slope.

Fan Token

Fan Token - a digital asset issued by a certain sports team that allows its users to participate in governing activities as well as get special discounts and prizes.

FATF Travel Rule

FATF Travel Rule - regulatory guidance regarding sharing information for large-scale crypto transactions.

Faucet

Faucet - a cryptocurrency reward system based on an application or website that distributes prizes to users and cryptocurrency holders who successfully perform specific tasks.

FCFS

FCFS - an acronym for First-Come, First-Served, which is a scheduling algorithm that prioritizes the process or request that comes first.

Fear and Greed Index

Fear and Greed Index - an index measuring the sentiment of the crypto market based on market trends and social signals.

Fee Tiers

Fee Tiers - fee structure that determines how much investors are charged for depositing and withdrawing assets, as well as trading on cryptocurrency exchange platforms.

Fiat

Fiat - a currency that is not supported by a tangible product, but rather by the government that created it, such as the Federal Reserve.

Fiat On-Ramp

Fiat On-Ramp - a method of turning fiat currency into cryptocurrency.

Fiat-Pegged Cryptocurrency

Fiat-Pegged Cryptocurrency - is a coin, asset, or token that is connected to an authority or bank-issued currency and is often seen as an example of stablecoins.

Fibonacci Retracement Level

Fibonacci Retracement Level - a method that uses Fibonacci ratio numbers to identify the support and resistance levels of an asset.

Field Programmable Gate Array

Field Programmable Gate Array - (FPGA) is a unified circuit that enables users or developers to adjust it after it has been manufactured.

Fill Or Kill Order (FOK)

Fill Or Kill Order (FOK) - a buy or sell order that will be rejected if it isn't completed right away.

Finality

Finality - an assurance that crypto transactions cannot be changed, reversed, or rejected once they are performed.

Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

Financial Action Task Force (FATF) - an international organization that establishes international principles to fight money laundering and terrorist financing (AML/CFT).

Financial Crime Enforcement Network (FinCEN)

Financial Crime Enforcement Network (FinCEN) - The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is a governmental agency of the United States Treasury.

Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre (FINTRAC)

Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre (FINTRAC) - the national financial intelligence agency in Canada.

First In, First Out

First In, First Out - an asset management method done to simplify tax calculations.

First-Mover Advantage (FMA)

First-Mover Advantage (FMA) - an organization or a company that releases a game-changing service or product in the market to become superior over its competitors.

Fiscal Policy

Fiscal Policy - a method that is used by the authority to customize spending and tax levels.

Fish

Fish - someone who owns a small amount of cryptocurrency.

Flappening

Flappening - an event in 2018 when Litecoin overtook Bitcoin Cash in market capitalization.

Flash Crash

Flash Crash - a market condition where the price of an asset drops drastically in a short period of time.

Flash Loan

Flash Loan - is a type of uncollateralized lending that is utilized across decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols based on the Ethereum network.

Flash Loan Attack

Flash Loan Attack - Flash loan attacks depend on exploiting a smart contract in order to make a profit.

Flippening

Flippening - a speculative scenario where Bitcoin’s total value of stock shares (market cap) is overtaken by Ethereum’s.

Flipping

Flipping - an investing strategy that involves acquiring something with the intention of subsequently selling it for a profit.

Floor Price

Floor Price - the lowest possible selling price of an asset.

FOMO

FOMO - acronym for “Fear of Missing Out” that refers to the anxiety a person can experience when he doesn’t take action fast enough when making trading decisions.

Forced Liquidation

Forced Liquidation - involuntary closing of the leveraged position of a trader due to his/her failure to meet the essential margin requirements.

Forex (FX)

Forex (FX) - a decentralized currency exchange marketplace.

Fork (Blockchain)

Fork (Blockchain) - the formation of a new version of the blockchain, which allows two blockchains to operate at the same time.

Fork (Software)

Fork (Software) - the development of a new program using the source code.

Formal Verification

Formal Verification - a way of validating the properties of the blockchain protocols and cryptographic algorithms by employing mathematical proofs.

Fractional Stablecoin

Fractional Stablecoin - a stablecoin that is collaterally-backed and partially algorithmically stabilized.

Fraud Proof

Fraud Proof - is a technique that operates as a bond in a decentralized environment where Optimistic Rollups (ORs) are used.

Front Running

Front Running - an illegal practice of putting a transaction in a queue after gaining advantageous knowledge about future transactions.

FUD

FUD - acronym for “fear, uncertainty and doubt”, used to describe skepticism in the crypto community.

FUDster

FUDster - a person who spreads the sentiment of fear, uncertainty, and doubt.

Full Node

Full Node - a node that is able to download the entire blockchain history to observe and enforce its predetermined rules.

Fully Diluted Market Cap

Fully Diluted Market Cap - an approximate prediction of the asset’s market cap, assuming that all tokens are in circulation.

Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Fully Homomorphic Encryption - an encryption scheme that allows computers to perform arbitrary computations on encrypted data.

Fundamental Analysis

Fundamental Analysis - a research approach that relies on analyzing an asset’s value through various indicators.

Funding Payments

Funding Payments - periodic payments between traders that are intended to reduce the difference between the spot market price and the perpetual market price.

Fungible

Fungible - A coin or a token is considered to be fungible if they can be easily replaced by another exact coin or token.

Futures

Futures - legal agreement between parties stating that an asset must be purchased at a predetermined date in the future for a predetermined price.

Gains

Gains - are the increased value or profit.

Game Channels

Game Channels - allow blockchain games to run in near real-time by minimizing block confirmation time.

Game Theory

Game Theory - is an applied mathematics method used to research human activities based on the specific decisions people make in response to certain acts.

GameFi

GameFi - a convergence of the gaming world and the decentralized finance world (DeFi).

Gas

Gas - a component of measurement for the computation complexity involved in completing various actions on the Ethereum network.

Gas Limit

Gas Limit - the maximum amount of cryptocurrency that a trader is willing to spend on transaction fees.

Gas Price

Gas Price - a price that has to be paid for transaction validation.

Gas Station Networks (GSN)

Gas Station Networks (GSN) - a decentralized network of relayers that enables you to build decentralized applications (dApps).

Gas War

Gas War - a bidding war that happens when investors start paying higher gas fees in order to push their transactions to be verified in the upcoming transaction block.

Gavin Wood

Gavin Wood - one of the founders of Ethereum, Parity Technologies, and the Web3 Foundation.

Gems

Gems - undervalued low-cap coins whose value will gradually increase over time.

General Public License

General Public License - a copyleft software license that allows anybody to use, read, copy, share, change, and distribute a computer program for free.

Genesis Block

Genesis Block - the first validated data block that starts a new blockchain.

Geotagged NFT

Geotagged NFT - 3D version of street art with corresponding coordinated to the physical location of said street art.

Geth

Geth - or Go Ethereum is a command-line interface that gives developers the ability to process full Ethereum nodes, carry out smart contracts and mine the cryptocurrency.

GitHub

GitHub - the largest code hosting platform that allows developers to work together on various projects.

Gold-Backed Cryptocurrency

Gold-Backed Cryptocurrency - is a coin or a token that holds the value of a set amount of gold.

Golden Cross

Golden Cross - When the short-term moving average crosses over the long-term moving average, a golden cross appears on the chart.

Google Authenticator

Google Authenticator - software-based verification system that generates unique, time-based, single-use authentication codes on mobile devices.

Gossip Protocol

Gossip Protocol - peer-to-peer communication between any type of digital device.

Governance

Governance - the decision-making process within an organization or a project.

Governance Token

Governance Token - a token that can be used to gain the decision-making rights in the voting processes of blockchain projects.

Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)

Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) - a computer chip that renders 3D images.

Group Mining

Group Mining - happens when more than one person mines together.

Gwei

Gwei - a smaller unit of Ether (ETH) cryptocurrency that is used as a denomination to calculate gas fees.

Hacking

Hacking - a malicious process of manipulating another computing device to exploit it.

Haha Money Printer Go Brrrrr

Haha Money Printer Go Brrrrr - a “wojak” meme that talks about the problem of “printing more money”.

Hal Finney

Hal Finney - a programmer and cryptographer who was involved in the invention of Bitcoin.

Halving

Halving - a blockchain event where rewards received for transaction validation or block subsidies decrease by half.

Hard Cap

Hard Cap - the absolute maximum supply limit of a particular cryptocurrency.

Hard Fork (Blockchain)

Hard Fork (Blockchain) - a massive change to a protocol that happens when a blockchain splits into two blockchains.

Hard Fork Combinator

Hard Fork Combinator - a tool used to combine protocols on the Cardano blockchain if a hard fork has occurred.

Hard Peg

Hard Peg - is an exchange rate policy enforced by the government where it fixes its own country’s currency to that of another country.

Hardware Security Module (HSM)

Hardware Security Module (HSM) - Hardware Security Module is a computing device that allows to secure digital keys, encrypt data, and add extra security for cryptographic authentications.

Hardware Wallet

Hardware Wallet - a physical electronic device to store cryptocurrency.

Hash

Hash - the output result of the hashing algorithm, which generates a one-of-a-kind, fixed-length text to encrypt and secure a set of data.

Hash Function

Hash Function - any function that converts data of various sizes to data of a specific size.

Hash Power (Hashrate)

Hash Power (Hashrate) - the amount of computer power that a network consumes to operate.

Hashed TimeLock Contract (HTLC)

Hashed TimeLock Contract (HTLC) - a feature used to develop smart contracts with the possibility to alter payment channels.

Hedge Contract

Hedge Contract - an agreement used by investors to protect their investments against market price fluctuations and possible financial loss.

Hidden Cap

Hidden Cap - is a secret limit put on a certain amount of money that a team can receive from investors during an initial coin offering (ICO).

Hierarchical Deterministic Wallet (HD Wallet)

Hierarchical Deterministic Wallet (HD Wallet) - a wallet that supports the production of crypto-wallets from a single master seed using 12 mnemonic phrases.

High-Frequency Trading (HFT)

High-Frequency Trading (HFT) - an algorithmic trading method that processes a large number of orders in an instant.

HODL

HODL - a crypto slang term that refers to holding your crypto no matter what direction the market goes.

Honeyminer

Honeyminer - a cryptocurrency mining app that ran until October 2021.

Honeypot

Honeypot - a security mechanism that functions as a trap for cybercriminals who try to access unauthorized systems.

Hosted Wallet

Hosted Wallet - a digital account for the storage of cryptocurrency which is managed by third-party financial institutions.

Hot Storage

Hot Storage - any crypto wallet that is connected to the internet and provides users with quick access to cryptocurrencies.

Hot Wallet

Hot Wallet - a cryptocurrency wallet that is connected to the internet.

Howey Test

Howey Test - a test used to determine whether an asset is a security.

Huobi BTC (HBTC)

Huobi BTC (HBTC) - a standard ERC-20 token pegged to Bitcoin (BTC) on a 1:1 ratio.

Hybrid PoW/PoS

Hybrid PoW/PoS - a mechanism that allows both Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) algorithms to be used on the network.

Hyperinflation

Hyperinflation - The uncontrolled increase in the price of goods and services can be referred to as hyperinflation.

Hyperledger (Hyperledger Foundation)

Hyperledger (Hyperledger Foundation) - an umbrella project of multiple open-source blockchain networks and blockchain-adjacent tools.

Iceberg Order

Iceberg Order - a conditional buy or sell order that is divided into smaller orders to hide the total quantity of the order.

Immutable

Immutable - unable to be changed over time.

Impermanent Loss

Impermanent Loss - a temporary loss of the funds of a liquidity provider that occurs due to the volatility in a trading pair.

In-the-Money/Out-of-the-Money

In-the-Money/Out-of-the-Money - In-the-Money / Out-of-the-Money – options trading mechanisms that allow investors to bet on the future price of an asset or cryptocurrency and take profit if they are correct.

Infinite Approval

Infinite Approval - is defined as the action of programming smart contracts to allow spending an unlimited amount of coins or tokens.

Infinite Mint Attack

Infinite Mint Attack - an attack when a hacker or an unwanted entity mints an infinite amount of tokens within a protocol.

Inflation

Inflation - happens when the purchasing value of money decreases while the prices increase.

Initial Bounty Offering (IBO)

Initial Bounty Offering (IBO) - is an unconventional approach to project launches where people contribute skills instead of money.

Initial Coin Offering (ICO)

Initial Coin Offering (ICO) - a type of crowdfunding that uses cryptocurrency to raise funds for start-ups.

Initial Dex Offering (IDO)

Initial Dex Offering (IDO) - a crowdfunding technique that allows cryptocurrency projects to be launched through decentralized exchanges (DEXs).

Initial Exchange Offering (IEO)

Initial Exchange Offering (IEO) - a type of crowdfunding in which cryptocurrency start-ups raise money through a trading platform.

Initial Farm Offering (IFO)

Initial Farm Offering (IFO) - a decentralized finance fundraising model of raising capital via the farming feature.

Initial Game Offering (IGO)

Initial Game Offering (IGO) - a fundraising event where the investments are targeted at blockchain games.

Initial NFT Offering (INO)

Initial NFT Offering (INO) - a type of crowdfunding where projects list a set of non-fungible tokens (NFTs).

Initial Public Offering (IPO)

Initial Public Offering (IPO) - happens when a company starts selling shares on the stock market for the first time.

Initial Stake Pool Offering (ISPO)

Initial Stake Pool Offering (ISPO) - a cryptocurrency fundraising tool that is only available in the Cardano ecosystem.

Initial Token Offering (ITO)

Initial Token Offering (ITO) - is the use of tokens to raise capital in the crypto sector.

Input-Output Hong Kong (IOHK)

Input-Output Hong Kong (IOHK) - is a company that develops platforms based on blockchain technology.

Inscriptions on Bitcoin

Inscriptions on Bitcoin - digital entries that come in the form of metadata encoded on a satoshi, the smallest Bitcoin unit.

Insider Trading

Insider Trading - buying or selling stocks while possessing undisclosed private information about the stock.

Instamine

Instamine - a short time period after a coin launch when a large portion of its total supply is distributed to investors.

Instant Buying Power

Instant Buying Power - a good faith system used by brokerage firms to grant users a limited amount of credit during the transfer settlement period.

Instant Settlement Network Layer

Instant Settlement Network Layer - a network that allows participants to trade digital assets anywhere in the world in real-time.

Institutional Investor

Institutional Investor - a legal entity or organization that trades on behalf of their customers.

Insurance Fund

Insurance Fund - an exchange fund that covers unexpected leveraged trading losses and protects traders from bankruptcy.

Integrated Circuit (IC)

Integrated Circuit (IC) - an assortment of electronic parts used in the majority of modern electronic devices.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) - software that is used to create applications that combine standard developer tools into a single graphical user interface (GUI).

Intellectual Property (IP)

Intellectual Property (IP) - is a sort of item that can be legally protected against copying or selling.

Intercontinental Exchange (ICE)

Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) - – a company based in America with the goal of purchasing and operating worldwide exchanges and clearing houses.

Interest Rates

Interest Rates - defines the percentage which is charged for taking out a loan.

Intermediary/Middleman

Intermediary/Middleman - a person or an institution that works as a mediator between two parties in order to facilitate agreements or carry out orders.

Internal Transaction

Internal Transaction - a byproduct of an interaction between an Ethereum account and a contract address that results in an Ether transaction.

Internet Layer

Internet Layer - the third layer in the TCP/IP model responsible for network packet transformation.

Internet Memes

Internet Memes - are pieces of content, whether it’s an image, video, text, or sound, which are spread around the internet at a rapid pace.

Internet of Things

Internet of Things - a global network of devices and software that is interconnected via the internet and can exchange data in real time.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Internet Service Provider (ISP) - commercial entity providing access to the internet for its customers.

Interoperability

Interoperability - the capability to see and share data from several blockchains.

InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)

InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) - a peer-to-peer distributed file system that relies on a blockchain-like structure to store and share information.

Intrinsic Value

Intrinsic Value - the actual worth of an asset, based on its recent performance and other factors affecting it in the long term.

Investing

Investing - placing money into a financial scheme in order to make a profit.

Investment Vehicles (Crypto-tied)

Investment Vehicles (Crypto-tied) - Investment vehicles are assets (classes) where investors place their capital with the aim of increasing the worth of their portfolio in the upcoming time.

IOU

IOU - is a declaration that recognizes the presence of debt. It is a phonetic abbreviation for the phrase "I owe you."

IP Address

IP Address - a unique numeric address that is assigned to a device that is connected to a local network or the internet.

Isolated Margin

Isolated Margin - the margin balance assigned to a single position that allows traders to manage their risks.

Jager

Jager - the smallest unit of BNB.

Java

Java - general-purpose, class-based, object-oriented programming language.

JavaScript

JavaScript - a programming language used to develop web-based applications.

JOMO

JOMO - is short for “joy of missing out” and it is the opposite of FOMO or “fear of missing out”.

Keccak

Keccak - can also be referred to as SHA-3 is a cryptographic algorithm.

Keylogger

Keylogger - is a tool utilized by hackers to document keystrokes that were made by users, either through a software program or a hardware device.

Kimchi Premium

Kimchi Premium - a phenomenon happening in South Korean crypto exchanges that makes the value of certain tokens higher than it is on other international exchanges.

Klinger Oscillator

Klinger Oscillator - volume-based technical indicator that is used to compare volume to price to forecast price reversals.

Know Your Customer (KYC)

Know Your Customer (KYC) - a regulation for financial institutions to do specific identification and background checks on their clients before allowing them to use the platform's services.

Lambo

Lambo - a shortened way of calling Lamborghini, which became a stereotypical aspiration of many crypto enthusiasts.

Large Cap

Large Cap - market capitalization of at least $10 billion.

Laser Eyes

Laser Eyes - a viral Twitter meme that Bitcoiners use when they try to push the value of Bitcoin (BTC) past its highest price.

Law of Accelerating Returns

Law of Accelerating Returns - Ray Kurzweil’s hypothesis on the growth rate of technology.

Law of Demand

Law of Demand - asks the question of how much a customer is prepared to spend for a specific product or service.

Layer 0

Layer 0 - refers to the network infrastructure that runs underlying the blockchain.

Layer 2

Layer 2 - a secondary protocol built on an existing blockchain system that helps to solve scaling and transaction speed issues.

Layer-1 Blockchain

Layer-1 Blockchain - a collection of solutions that enhance the protocol's core functionality.

LearnDrop

LearnDrop - a limited-time learn-and-earn initiative that allows earning rewards while learning about something.

Ledger

Ledger - a record-keeping system that tracks and records financial transactions.

Leverage

Leverage - a loan provided by a broker to a trader on an exchange during margin trading to improve the cash flow in trades.

Leveraged Tokens

Leveraged Tokens - grant their holder a leveraged position in trading by multiplying the earnings and losses.

Libp2p

Libp2p - is an open-source network protocol for creating modern, fully distributed applications.

Light Node

Light Node - a downloadable wallet that connects to the full nodes to validate the information on the blockchain.

Lightning Network

Lightning Network - a second-layer payment protocol that runs on top of the blockchain.

Limit Order

Limit Order - an order to buy or sell a security where there is an established limit on the price.

Limit Order/Limit Buy/Limit Sell

Limit Order/Limit Buy/Limit Sell - tools used by traders that allow them to automatically sell or buy crypto assets when a certain target price is reached.

Linux

Linux - an open-source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991.

Liquid Market

Liquid Market - is a platform where all the trades are executed with ease and at a low cost.

Liquidation

Liquidation - conversion of assets for fiat or its equivalent stablecoins.

Liquidity

Liquidity - the absence of price impact on the market when buying and selling cryptocurrencies.

Liquidity Bootstrapping Pool (LBP)

Liquidity Bootstrapping Pool (LBP) - a contract that controls a core pool of tokens that can be utilized on a cryptocurrency exchange.

Liquidity Mining

Liquidity Mining - a process or practice in which participants contribute crypto assets to liquidity pools in return for fees and tokens depending on their share of total pool liquidity.

Liquidity Pool

Liquidity Pool - a pool of tokens that are locked in smart contracts and facilitate the trading on decentralized exchanges.

Liquidity Provider

Liquidity Provider - a user who funds liquidity pools with their personal assets.

Liquidity Provider Tokens (LP Tokens)

Liquidity Provider Tokens (LP Tokens) - tokens issued to liquidity providers on a DEX that represent the liquidity provider's share of a pool in question.

Listing

Listing - a process that occurs when an exchange offers a trading pair for a specific asset.

Liveness

Liveness - the guarantee that a system will continue providing data and will not be shut down by any centralized authority.

Location Swap

Location Swap - swapping of two identical asset-backed tokens that are in different locations without changing their other parameters.

Longing (Long Position)

Longing (Long Position) - a market position when an investor buys cryptocurrency or other assets with the goal to sell them when the price goes up.

Mainnet

Mainnet - an independent blockchain with its own technology and protocol that runs on its own network.

Mainnet Swap

Mainnet Swap - is the migration of a cryptocurrency project from a third-party blockchain network to its native blockchain network.

Malware

Malware - is a type of malicious program that grants unauthorized access or damages a system.

Man-in-the-Middle Attack (MITM)

Man-in-the-Middle Attack (MITM) - a type of cyberattack where the attacker eavesdrops on a conversation between two parties.

Margin Call

Margin Call - an instance when an investor's account goes below the maintenance amount.

Margin Trading

Margin Trading - a method of trading cryptocurrencies in which a trader borrows funds from a broker.

Market

Market - is a place where trade is conducted.

Market Balances

Market Balances - After a trade occurred on a decentralized exchange (DEX), the big amount of coins refers to market balances.

Market Capitalization/Market Cap/MCAP

Market Capitalization/Market Cap/MCAP - the total market value of a cryptocurrency.

Market Maker, Market Taker

Market Maker, Market Taker - a market maker is a person who creates an order to buy or sell at a specified price, while a taker verifies the order and executes the buying or selling at the specified price.

Market Momentum

Market Momentum - the ability of a market to maintain a steady growth or decline in price over a set period of time.

Market Order/Market Buy/Market Sell

Market Order/Market Buy/Market Sell - an instruction provided to a broker by an investor to buy or sell a stock, bond, or other assets at the best price available in the current financial market.

Market Signal

Market Signal - is an unintentional transmission of crucial information to every market participant.

Marlowe

Marlowe - a simple programming language that is used for financial contracts.

Masternodes

Masternodes - nodes that verify new blocks of transactions on a cryptocurrency blockchain and play a role in its governance.

Max Supply

Max Supply - the closest possible approximation of the maximum number of cryptocurrency coins that will exist throughout the existence of said cryptocurrency.

Medium of Exchange

Medium of Exchange - an intermediary instrument used to aid in a sale or trade.

Megahashes Per Second

Megahashes Per Second - a unit of measurement; one million hashes per second.

Meme Economy

Meme Economy - is a type of satirical concept where internet memes are considered to be valuable assets.

Memecoin

Memecoin - a cryptocurrency created in a humorous context, often relating to an internet meme.

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) - a legally-non binding written agreement between two or more parties.

Mempool

Mempool - a mechanism for network nodes to store the information about all unconfirmed transactions.

Mercenary Capital

Mercenary Capital - is a type of self-serving capital provided by investors as a means to profit from short-term incentive programs.

Merged Mining

Merged Mining - a process when two or more cryptocurrencies are mined at the same time.

Merkle Tree

Merkle Tree - also known as a hash tree, is a tree in which every "leaf" is labeled with the cryptographic hash of a data block, and every node is labeled with the cryptographic hash of the labels of its child nodes.

Metadata

Metadata - a type of data that contains information about another type of data (hence the "meta" prefix). For example, while the fact that you've sent your friend $10 in ETH would be considered data, the date and time when you performed the transaction would be metadata.

MetaMask

MetaMask - a cryptocurrency wallet that operates as a plugin for standard internet browsers and allows users to transfer, manage, and receive Ethereum (ETH).

Metatransaction

Metatransaction - responsible for fulfilling a transaction signed on behalf of the originating signer by another entity.

Metaverse

Metaverse - a digital universe with all of the characteristics, economics, and activities of the actual world.

Metaverse-as-a-Service (MaaS)

Metaverse-as-a-Service (MaaS) - a technological solution used to build metaverses.

Metcalfe’s Law

Metcalfe’s Law - is a concept explaining the increase in value for every user when a network has a growing amount of users. In essence, it describes the network’s value.

Micro Cap

Micro Cap - a small company with a market cap of $50 million to $300 million.

MicroBitcoin (uBTC)

MicroBitcoin (uBTC) - one millionth (0.000001) of a Bitcoin.

Micropayment

Micropayment - a small transaction (can be less than a dollar or even a fraction of a cent) that is made online.

Microtransaction

Microtransaction - a business model of making payments in very small sums for goods and services.

Mid-Cap

Mid-Cap - a metric used to determine the market value of cryptocurrencies with a market capitalization ranging between $1 billion and $10 billion.

MilliBitcoin

MilliBitcoin - is a sub-unit of Bitcoin, which is equivalent to the one-thousandth of a BTC.

Mimetic Theory

Mimetic Theory - a theory that describes human behavior and culture, as well as how objects become desirable to humans when examined in the context of economics.

Mineable

Mineable - the ability for a cryptocurrency to be mined.

Minecraft

Minecraft - is a video game designed in two modes: survivability and creation.

Miner

Miner - entity taking direct part in the cryptocurrency mining process.

Miner Extractable Value (MEV)

Miner Extractable Value (MEV) - a measure used to determine how much profit a cryptocurrency miner can make through manipulating the transactions involved in block production.

Minimum Collateralization Ratio (MCR)

Minimum Collateralization Ratio (MCR) - determines the lowest amount of collateral that’s required to be held for a loan.

Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

Minimum Viable Product (MVP) - a product that has enough features to interest early adopters and validate the idea in the early development stages.

Mining

Mining - an activity of verifying transactions and adding blocks to a blockchain.

Mining Algorithm

Mining Algorithm - A collection of regulations and instructions that a computer must follow in order to produce a valid block is referred to as a mining algorithm.

Mining as a Service (MaaS)

Mining as a Service (MaaS) - a service that provides users with the ability to mine cryptocurrencies without dealing with physical hardware.

Mining Contract

Mining Contract - is a contract in which a customer agrees to pay for mining power generated by hardware situated in remote data centers.

Mining Difficulty

Mining Difficulty - determines how time-consuming and difficult it is to locate the right hash for every block.

Mining Farm

Mining Farm - is a space where a group is able to mine together.

Mining Pool

Mining Pool - a group of cryptocurrency miners who pool their processing capabilities and resources to maximize the chances of finding a block.

Mining Reward

Mining Reward - the benefits received for finding and validating a new block.

Mining Rig

Mining Rig - a term used to describe various types of equipment utilized for cryptocurrency mining.

Minnow

Minnow - someone who owns a minor amount of crypto assets and makes small investments.

Minting

Minting - the process of creating new cryptocurrency coins via the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus algorithm.

Mnemonic Phrase

Mnemonic Phrase - A Mnemonic Phrase, or Seed Phrase, is a set of words presented in a specific order which grants access to owned cryptocurrency assets.

Mnemonics

Mnemonics - are a type of memory device that with information retention and retrieve memories.

Mobile Wallet

Mobile Wallet - a mobile app that acts as a crypto wallet on a mobile device.

Moloch DAO

Moloch DAO - is a term that defines either a type of DAO framework deployed by Ethereum.

Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS)

Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) - is the central bank of Singapore that oversees the money supply and maintains the inflation rate, currency value, and interest rates.

Monetary Policy

Monetary Policy - rules established by a national or regional central bank to control the supply of money.

Money Flow Index (MFI)

Money Flow Index (MFI) - a technical indicator that uses price and volume to determine if an asset is under purchasing or selling pressure.

Money Laundering

Money Laundering - an illegal financial activity of hiding financial assets from authorities.

Money Market

Money Market - a financial market for short-term lending and borrowing.

Money Transfer License (MTL)

Money Transfer License (MTL) - is a legal requirement for money transmitters so their activities can be considered legal.

Money Transmitter

Money Transmitter - a company that provides money transfer services.

Moon

Moon - crypto slang used to describe the continuous upward movement of a cryptocurrency’s price.

Moore's Law

Moore's Law - is the statement that a computer’s speed capability will go up every year, even though fees go down.

Motoko Programming Language (DFINITY)

Motoko Programming Language (DFINITY) - is a programming language that enables development on the Internet Computer.

Moving Average (MA)

Moving Average (MA) - a technical indicator used by marketers to forecast the direction of the trend of an asset.

Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD)

Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) - a technical analysis indicator.

Mt. Gox

Mt. Gox - a cryptocurrency exchange for buying and selling Bitcoin that closed after a major hack in 2014.

Multi-Coin Wallet

Multi-Coin Wallet - A multi-coin or multi-chain wallet is one that allows users to store several crypto assets from different blockchain networks.

Multi-Party Computation (MPC)

Multi-Party Computation (MPC) - is a research method that allows for maintaining data anonymity.

Multi-Party Computation as-a-Service

Multi-Party Computation as-a-Service - is a business model where customers are able to rent MPC nodes from a service provider instead of buying them or building them from scratch.

Multi-Signature (Multi-Sig)

Multi-Signature (Multi-Sig) - an extra layer of security that requires more than one key for the authorization of a transaction.

Negative Volume Index (NVI)

Negative Volume Index (NVI) - a technical indicator used to show how low-volume time frames impact the price of an asset.

Network

Network - refers to all nodes that are currently participating in the operation of a blockchain.

Network Latency

Network Latency - is the amount of time it takes for a packet of data to travel from one point to another.

Network-Enhanced Virtual Machine (NEVM)

Network-Enhanced Virtual Machine (NEVM) - The NEVM (Network-Enhanced Virtual Machine) protocol is an adaptive computation method that integrates the programmability of Ethereum and EVM compatible smart contracts with the Bitcoin network's security.

Newb

Newb - A person is called a Newb when they’re new to a specific field.

Nick Szabo

Nick Szabo - is a well-known computer scientist who invented Bit Gold.

Nifty Gateway

Nifty Gateway - an exclusive NFT platform owned by a cryptocurrency exchange Gemini LLC.

No-Coiner

No-Coiner - a person without cryptocurrency in their portfolio who believes that cryptocurrency is set to fail.

Node

Node - an essential part of blockchain infrastructure that stores data and enables the validation of transactions.

Node.js

Node.js - a back-end JavaScript runtime environment based on the V8 engine that executes JavaScript code outside of a web browser.

Nominators

Nominators - are one of the two major parties participating in a blockchain network that employs the nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism.

Non-Custodial

Non-Custodial - a decentralized service of holding assets or funds in a smart contract during a transaction or any other financial operation.

Non-Fungible Assets

Non-Fungible Assets - The term non-fungible assets refers to non-fungibility within a group of similar assets being produced by a single party.

Non-Fungible Token (NFT)

Non-Fungible Token (NFT) - a unique digital asset stored on a blockchain that represents real objects and that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided.

Nonce

Nonce - a method of securing communication on platforms that utilize smart contracts.

Notarization on Blockchain

Notarization on Blockchain - an official fraud protection technique that assures the participants of the transaction that a certain document or asset they are dealing with is authentic and trustworthy.

Odysee

Odysee - is a video-sharing website developed on the LBRY network.

Off-Chain

Off-Chain - transactions are processed outside of the blockchain network. They offer speed and low costs.

Off-Chain Governance

Off-Chain Governance - is a blockchain governance model that allows every stakeholder to have a say in public blockchains' decision-making via collaboration.

Off-Chain Transaction

Off-Chain Transaction - a transaction that occurs outside of the main blockchain.

Off-Ledger Currency

Off-Ledger Currency - a type of digital currency that is minted outside of a blockchain ledger yet is still accepted and used.

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) - a branch of the United States Treasury responsible for overseeing all federal savings associations, federal branches, national banks, and foreign bank agencies.

Offline Storage

Offline Storage - the storage of cryptocurrency or other digital assets in devices that do not maintain an internet connection.

Offshore Account

Offshore Account - a foreign bank account containing assets and investments outside of your country of residence.

OHM Fork

OHM Fork - a term used to describe the process of implementing upgrades to the OlympusDAO database.

On-Balance Volume (OBV)

On-Balance Volume (OBV) - a technical indicator that uses volume flow to predict an asset's price fluctuations.

On-Chain

On-Chain - cryptocurrency transactions done on the main blockchain.

On-Chain Governance

On-Chain Governance - a decentralized framework used to organize change the underlying protocol of a blockchain network.

On-Ledger Currency

On-Ledger Currency - is a type of currency that's based on blockchain technology.

One Cancels the Other Order (OCO)

One Cancels the Other Order (OCO) - a situation in which two crypto orders are put in parallel, with the condition that if one is approved, the other is canceled.

Online Storage

Online Storage - an internet-connected device or system that is used to store cryptocurrencies and the private keys for crypto accounts.

Open Source

Open Source - is a type of belief among developers where sharing information freely and openly is a way to benefit everyone’s interests.

Open-Source Software (OSS)

Open-Source Software (OSS) - a software that allows anyone to see, alter or distribute its source code.

Open/Close

Open/Close - is the price where a cryptocurrency opens at a specific time period.

OpenSea

OpenSea - is a decentralized marketplace for trading non-fungible tokens (NFTs) based on a peer-to-peer (P2P) network.

Opera Mainnet (Fantom)

Opera Mainnet (Fantom) - An open-source framework that allows anyone to engage in the network through governance and staking refers to Opera Mainnet (Fantom).

Operating System (OS)

Operating System (OS) - a software program that manages the resources of a computer.

Optimistic Oracle

Optimistic Oracle - a type of oracle in which real-world data is combined with decentralized systems, and the data is assumed to be correct if it hasn't been disputed for a specific amount of time.

Optimistic Rollup

Optimistic Rollup - a scaling strategy for Ethereum that incorporates off-chain computation and state storage.

Option

Option - a financial contract that allows its holder to purchase or sell an asset without making a commitment.

Options Market

Options Market - is a market where one can trade cryptocurrencies at a specific price or time.

Oracle Manipulation

Oracle Manipulation - is a mechanism commonly seen in the DeFi ecosystem when the oracle smart contract is manipulated by hackers.

Oracles

Oracles - entities that connect blockchains to external systems, allowing smart contracts to execute depending on real-world inputs and outputs.

Order Book

Order Book - a physical or digital documentation used to track the buy-sell activity of an asset.

Ordinals

Ordinals - a satoshi numbering protocol that allows the inscription of various types of data on each satoshi, which can be used to create Bitcoin NFTs.

Orphaned Block (Orphan)

Orphaned Block (Orphan) - a valid block that is not a part of the central blockchain and has no parent block.

Over-Collateralization (OC)

Over-Collateralization (OC) - Over-collateralization is the supply of collateral valued above the amount deemed enough to compensate for potential losses in the case of a default.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Trading

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Trading - a type of trading outside of the centralized exchange marketplaces through private networks.

Overbought

Overbought - a process when a cryptocurrency is perpetually purchased more and more while its price continuously increases.

Oversold

Oversold - is used to signify that an asset is trading lower than its true value.

Pair

Pair - a trade between two cryptocurrency assets.

Paper Trading

Paper Trading - the practice of simulating trading on a virtual platform without using real assets.

Paper Wallet

Paper Wallet - a piece of paper that contains a user's private and public keys.

Parachain

Parachain - an application-based data structure that runs in parallel with other parachains on the Polkadot network.

Participation Node

Participation Node - is a term used within the Algorand platform that outlines how nodes assist with the consensus process of conducting the Pure Proof of Stake (PPoS).

Passive Income

Passive Income - income earned through investments during which the earner is not actively involved.

Passive Management

Passive Management - an investment strategy that tracks an existing economic index rather than relying on active market exposure.

Password Manager

Password Manager - an app or software used to store and manage passwords for various accounts or services.

Paul Le Roux

Paul Le Roux - programmer and former criminal cartel boss, one of the suspects to be Satoshi Nakamoto.

Payee

Payee - is a party that receives money in a transaction involving goods or services.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) - the splitting of duties or workloads between peers through decentralized interactions in a distributed network.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending - removes the need for a middleman during the process of lending digital assets.

Peg

Peg - a specified price used to determine the exchange rate between two assets; in crypto – a fixed asset price tied to a token.

Pegged Currency

Pegged Currency - describes the process by which a country links or pegs its exchange rate to another currency, group of currencies, or other monetary indexes.

Permissioned Ledger

Permissioned Ledger - a ledger that is restricted in a way that only people or organizations with permission can access it.

Permissionless

Permissionless - a system without a central authority that regulates who can use it and how.

Perpetual Contracts

Perpetual Contracts - derivatives that are similar to futures contracts but don’t have an expiration date.

PFP

PFP - an acronym for "profile picture" that is often used in social media but is also a prominent term in the context of NFTs.

Phishing

Phishing - the practice of tricking people into revealing their personal or confidential information.

Phone Phishing

Phone Phishing - the practice of extorting money or sensitive information from individuals through false and harmful phone calls.

Physical Bitcoins

Physical Bitcoins - A physical Bitcoin is a physical token that has a public key and a private key.

Pig Butchering Scam

Pig Butchering Scam - a long-term scam or investment fraud that lures the victim into contributing gradually larger amounts of money, typically linked to deceptive cryptocurrency schemes.

Plasma

Plasma - an off-chain scaling solution created for the Ethereum blockchain that seeks to increase the efficiency of the network.

Platform

Platform - is the parent blockchain of tokens or a cryptocurrency exchange.

Play-to-Earn (Play2Earn)

Play-to-Earn (Play2Earn) - a style of gaming where the players can obtain any type of in-game product, which can subsequently be transferred to the real world.

Player Payout

Player Payout - an automated method for immediately paying online gaming players after a tournament is over.

Polkadot Crowdloan

Polkadot Crowdloan - the process of staking DOT tokens in the Polkadot Slot Auction to support specific projects.

Ponzi Scheme

Ponzi Scheme - is a fraudulent financial operation that offers investors enormous rates of return with low risk.

Portfolio

Portfolio - a list or a collection of cryptocurrencies or crypto assets that are kept by an individual, investment business, hedge fund, or financial institution.

Post-Mining

Post-Mining - is the development of new coins following a cryptocurrency’s release, prior to public mining becoming possible.

Pre-IDO

Pre-IDO - token offering that happens before the initial dex offering (IDO) takes place.

Pre-Mining

Pre-Mining - is the development of a particular quantity of cryptocurrency prior to the digital currency being made accessible to the public.

Pre-Sale

Pre-Sale - the sale of a cryptocurrency before its official public launch.

Prediction Market

Prediction Market - a system that focuses on betting on the outcomes of various business events.

Price Action

Price Action - the movements of the financial asset’s price over a period of time.

Price Impact

Price Impact - is a term used to describe the change in the price of the asset due to trading.

Prisoner's Dilemma

Prisoner's Dilemma - an illustration of why two people might refuse to cooperate, even if it appears to be in their best interests.

Private Blockchain

Private Blockchain - a blockchain network used by a single organization.

Private Key/Secret Key

Private Key/Secret Key - a type of access code created for a crypto wallet address.

Private Sale

Private Sale - a private early-stage investment opportunity for a limited number of strategic investors.

Procedural Programming

Procedural Programming - a step-by-step instruction that presents the steps to a computer that should be followed to achieve the task.

Profit and Loss (P&L) Statement

Profit and Loss (P&L) Statement - is a type of financial statement that shows how the company has performed financially during a specific time period.

Programmability

Programmability - is a device or program that can understand and follow instructions.

Progressive Web application (PWA)

Progressive Web application (PWA) - a web application that combines the benefits of native applications and web applications.

Proof of Attendance Protocol (POAP)

Proof of Attendance Protocol (POAP) - an offering to use the ERC-721 NFT protocol on Ethereum that assigns non-fungible badges to individuals.

Proof-of-Authority (PoA)

Proof-of-Authority (PoA) - a consensus mechanism in which identity acts as a stake.

Proof-of-Burn (PoB)

Proof-of-Burn (PoB) - a consensus mechanism of creating blocks by burning cryptocurrency.

Proof-of-Developer (PoD)

Proof-of-Developer (PoD) - any proof that identifies a real, living software developer of a cryptocurrency.

Proof-of-Donation

Proof-of-Donation - is the inclusion of charitable donations into the functionality of a blockchain.

Proof-of-History (PoH)

Proof-of-History (PoH) - a consensus mechanism that incorporates time into the blockchain.

Proof-of-Immutability (PoIM)

Proof-of-Immutability (PoIM) - a type of blockchain that stores blockchain metadata in a distant hash vault using a sophisticated hash-based method.

Proof-of-Replication (PoRep)

Proof-of-Replication (PoRep) - is a type of proof a storage miner has to provide to show the network that they have a replica of information or data.

Proof-of-Spacetime (PoSt)

Proof-of-Spacetime (PoSt) - a mechanism used to prove that someone has dedicated a certain amount of space for storage.

Proof-of-Stake (PoS)

Proof-of-Stake (PoS) - a consensus mechanism used to ensure the blockchain's integrity.

Proof-of-Validation (PoV)

Proof-of-Validation (PoV) - a type of Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism where consensus is reached via staked validator nodes.

Proof-of-Work (PoW)

Proof-of-Work (PoW) - a consensus mechanism where miners must solve extensive mathematical equations in order to verify transactions and add new blocks.

Protocol

Protocol - is a fundamental collection of instructions that describes network interactions, such as consensus, transaction validation, and network involvement on a blockchain.

Protocol Layer

Protocol Layer - is a foundational layer within the blockchain network.

Pseudonymous

Pseudonymous - A pseudonym is a fictitious name or nickname made by someone who does not want to reveal their true name.

Pseudorandom

Pseudorandom - a definite function's ability to yield an outcome that passes the statistical randomness tests.

Public Address

Public Address - is a cryptographic hash of a public key that enables users to receive cryptocurrencies.

Public Blockchain

Public Blockchain - a blockchain that is fully accessible to everyone.

Public Key

Public Key - a string of alphanumeric characters that is used to encrypt plain text messages.

Public Sale

Public Sale - is when a large discount is announced for a new coin or token that hasn’t been traded on the cryptocurrency exchange. It’s considered to be the last phase of an initial coin offering (ICO).

Public-Key Cryptography

Public-Key Cryptography - algorithm-based cryptographic procedures that are used to randomize and encrypt data.

Public-key Infrastructure

Public-key Infrastructure - is a system that includes tools for generating public keys for encryption, therefore assuring the security of data transmitted over the internet.

Pump and Dump (P&D) Scheme

Pump and Dump (P&D) Scheme - a type of deception in which false and misleading positive statements are used to artificially inflate the price of a cryptocurrency.

Put Option

Put Option - holder can purchase an underlying security at a particular price within a specific time period.

Pyramid Scheme

Pyramid Scheme - a scam that employs a top-down hierarchical structure.

QR Code

QR Code - a machine-readable label with information stored in a black-and-white graphical pattern.

Quantum Bit (Qubit)

Quantum Bit (Qubit) - In quantum data, a qubit is a unit of measurement for the number of bits.

Quantum Computing

Quantum Computing - is a type of mathematical calculation that is based on specific quantum mechanics to greatly improve the performance of computer technology.

Quasar Smart Contract (OMG Foundation)

Quasar Smart Contract (OMG Foundation) - Quasar Smart Contract – a smart contract that solves problems on layer 2 blockchains.

Quorum (Governance)

Quorum (Governance) - the minimum number of members required for the proceedings of a meeting to be considered valid.

Race Attack

Race Attack - a malicious activity when two transactions are created at the same time using the same funds to spend them twice.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) - a technology that employs radio waves to identify a person or a tagged item in a passive manner.

Ragequit

Ragequit - a DAO process when a member stops participating in a proposal before it goes through and leaves with a significant share of the assets.

Raiden Network

Raiden Network - is an off-chain, second-layer on Ethereum’s blockchain that operates as an immediate and scalable payment channel that doesn’t require global consensus.

Rank

Rank - the position that a digital currency takes in the market.

Ransomware

Ransomware - is a specific malware that allows hackers to take control of or encrypt the documents of their victims in order to steal them and have them decrypted or reissued in exchange for a ransom.

Rebalancing

Rebalancing - is the act of realigning the weightage of a portfolio of assets, which entails acquiring or selling assets on a regular basis to maintain a specified level of asset distribution and risk.

Rebase

Rebase - a token to which circulating supply automatically adjusts based on the price swings.

Recovery Seed

Recovery Seed - a cryptographic security code used to recover the assets in a cryptocurrency wallet.

Redundancy

Redundancy - an unnecessary excess of information, features, or other aspects.

Regional/Local/Community Currencies

Regional/Local/Community Currencies - can be defined as money that's used in a specific geographic area.

Regulated

Regulated - controlled by a set of rules to work properly.

Regulatory Compliance

Regulatory Compliance - is a kit of rules, regulations, and laws that firms attempt to follow to monitor liability at work.

Rehypothecation

Rehypothecation - a practice of banks or brokers using the collateral assets of their clients for their own benefits.

REKT

REKT - REKT, an internet slang term for wrecked, is used within the trade market when someone experiences a big loss.

Relative Strength Index (RSI)

Relative Strength Index (RSI) - a technical indicator that measures the price of the asset and how fast it changes.

Relay Chain

Relay Chain - the main chain of the Polkadot network.

Relay Nodes

Relay Nodes - network nodes that create communication paths between block-building nodes.

Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy - is the kind of energy that is regularly renewed from natural sources.

Repair Miners

Repair Miners - are a type of mining node within the Filecoin network.

Replay Attack

Replay Attack - Replay attacks are network security attacks carried out by an intruder who targets the contact between a sender and a receiver.

Replicated Ledger

Replicated Ledger - a duplicate of a distributed ledger in a cryptocurrency network.

Resistance (Line/Level)

Resistance (Line/Level) - used to determine the maximum price point of an asset throughout a specific time period.

Retargeting

Retargeting - is an algorithm that makes relevant adjustments within blockchains.

Revenue Participation Tokens

Revenue Participation Tokens - tokens used in a two-token revenue participation system.

Reverse Indicator

Reverse Indicator - is a person who can be used to portray how not to make buy or sell orders.

Revoke

Revoke - to cancel an agreement, a transaction, an approval, or any other process.

Ring CT (Confidential Transactions)

Ring CT (Confidential Transactions) - Ring CT is an abbreviation for Ring Confidential Transactions, and it outlines how transaction quantities in Monero are hidden.

Ring Miners

Ring Miners - manage order rings and confirm that each exchange is completed within Ethereum’s Loopring program.

Ring Signature

Ring Signature - a cryptographic tool that provides transaction parties with complete anonymity.

Roadmap

Roadmap - A road map is a business planning method that sets out a project's short and long-term objectives inside a changeable timetable.

Roger Ver

Roger Ver - early Bitcoin investor and promoter, also known as Bitcoin Jesus.

ROI

ROI - an indicator that shows the proportion of a company's net profit to its investment costs.

Roth IRA

Roth IRA - an individual retirement account that helps grow tax-free investments.

Routing Attack

Routing Attack - an attack against an Internet Service Provider's uptime or participation in a web-enabled system (e.g., a blockchain).

Royalties

Royalties - formally agreed-upon payments provided to a person or a company in exchange for continuing access to their assets.

Rug Pull

Rug Pull - a malicious act or a fraud in the cryptocurrency sector in which crypto developers abandon a project and walk away with the investor's money.

Rust

Rust - a multi-paradigm programming language.

Ryuk Ransomware

Ryuk Ransomware - is a type of targeted malicious software that first appeared in August 2018.

S&P 500 (Standard and Poor's 500)

S&P 500 (Standard and Poor's 500) - a stock market index representing the performance of the top 500 companies in the US.

Satoshi (SATS)

Satoshi (SATS) - Bitcoin’s smallest unit with the value of 0.00000001 BTC.

Satoshi Nakamoto

Satoshi Nakamoto - the assumed pseudonymous individual or a group of individuals that invented Bitcoin.

Scaling Problem

Scaling Problem - explains how blockchain transactions operate within constraints in regard to its effect on speed and costs.

Scaling Solution

Scaling Solution - a method to allow the expansion of a system.

Scalping

Scalping - a day trading strategy where investors buy and sell the same security, stock, or asset several times throughout the same day. The traders that engage in this strategy are known as scalpers.

Scam

Scam - a scheme that is meant to deceive the victim and cheat them out of their physical or digital assets.

Scamcoin

Scamcoin - a fake cryptocurrency created as a way for developers to obtain money.

Scammer

Scammer - an entity that performs a fraudulent scheme with the intent of obtaining something from the victim.

Scholarship/Scholar

Scholarship/Scholar - A Scholarship is established when managers earn passive income by allowing new players, also known as scholars, to borrow Axies (digital pets) within the Axie Infinity video game.

Script

Script - a list of commands that a particular software or scripting language executes.

Scrypt

Scrypt - an algorithm that is an alternative to Bitcoin's SHA-256 algorithm used in mining.

Second-Layer Solutions

Second-Layer Solutions - a collection of solutions developed on top of a public blockchain in order to improve its efficiency and scalability.

Secondary Market

Secondary Market - is used by investors as well as traders to purchase and sell multiple types of assets and securities that belong to them.

Secure Asset Fund for Users (SAFU)

Secure Asset Fund for Users (SAFU) - Binance emergency insurance fund developed in 2018.

Secure Element

Secure Element - a hardware chip that can run a certain number of apps, store private information, and provide controlled access.

Secure Multi-Party Computation (sMPC)

Secure Multi-Party Computation (sMPC) - is a cryptographic technique that distributes computation amongst numerous parties so that no one party may view the information of others.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) - an independent US federal government regulatory organization tasked with protecting institutions and individuals against market manipulation.

Security

Security - a financial instrument that is fungible, transferable, and has a monetary value.

Security Token

Security Token - a portable device that digitally confirms a person's identity by recording personal information.

Security Token Offering

Security Token Offering - a type of public offering sold in security token exchanges or other cryptocurrency exchanges.

Seed Phrase

Seed Phrase - a randomly-generated unique string of 12 to 24 words that provides access and control to the user’s funds on-chain.

Segregated Witness (SegWit)

Segregated Witness (SegWit) - a soft fork upgrade made to the Bitcoin network that decreases transaction times and increases block size limits.

Selfish Mining

Selfish Mining - mining mechanism when a new fork is created and the generated block is not shared with the rest of the miners.

Sell Wall

Sell Wall - a large limit order placed on a cryptocurrency’s price that sells the currency when it reaches a certain value.

Semantic Web

Semantic Web - is the prospect of making it possible for computers to interpret and manipulate data on the behalf of its user.

Sentiment

Sentiment - the general feeling that traders and investors have about a particular asset's price action.

Settlement

Settlement - the process by which a user implements limit or market orders on an order-book-based DEX.

Settlement Layer

Settlement Layer - the “anchor” of the blockchain ecosystem that provides it with security.

SHA-256

SHA-256 - a cryptographic hash function that generates a 256-bit signature for a text.

Shard

Shard - a part of a blockchain network with its own data that appeared when a chain was split using the sharding technique.

Shard Chain

Shard Chain - Shard Chain, or sharding, defines the process of taking a database within a network and splitting it horizontally into shards.

Sharding

Sharding - a scalability approach that divides blockchain states into pieces that individually store states and transaction histories, allowing each shard to be assessed at the same time.

Sharpe Ratio

Sharpe Ratio - a ratio used to assess the potential Return on Investment (ROI).

Shielded Address

Shielded Address - refers to an alternative method of doing a financial transaction that is safe as well as confidential.

Shielded Transaction

Shielded Transaction - a transaction that takes place between two shielded addresses is called a shielded transaction.

Shilling

Shilling - a term used to describe the practice of promoting any cryptocurrency through implicit advertising, before it ends in a rug pull.

Shitcoin

Shitcoin - a coin that has little or no value, as well as no evident function in the near future.

SHO (Strong Holder Offering)

SHO (Strong Holder Offering) - a crypto fundraising service where the investors are chosen based on specific criteria like their activities in the network.

Short

Short - a term used to describe a cryptocurrency trading strategy where the trader borrows an asset in hopes that they can profit from a decrease in price.

Side-Channel Attack

Side-Channel Attack - a hacking method that relies on information obtained from a computer system’s performance rather than flaws in the algorithm itself.

Sidechain

Sidechain - a blockchain ledger that runs in parallel to a primary blockchain and has two-way connectivity between the two chains.

Signal

Signal - is used as an indicator for making trading decisions.

Silk Road

Silk Road - an online black market that accepted Bitcoin (BTC) transactions and existed on the dark web before it was shut down by the FBI.

SIM-Swap

SIM-Swap - is a scam where the attackers gain access to the victim's phone and all of the sensitive data within it.

Simplified Payment Verification (SPV)

Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) - a lightweight client used for blockchain transaction verifications.

Skynet

Skynet - a protocol built on the Sia blockchain that facilitates content distribution and file sharing across the internet by providing decentralized storage.

Slippage

Slippage - the gap between an order's predicted price and the price at which the order performs.

Slot (Cardano)

Slot (Cardano) - Slot – the shortest time period in the Cardano blockchain.

Smart Contract

Smart Contract - a self-executing computer program used to verify transactions on the blockchain.

Smart Contract Audit

Smart Contract Audit - an in-depth investigation and analysis of the code of a smart contract to find issues, errors, and security flaws.

Smart Home

Smart Home - a range of digital appliances used to enhance household systems.

Smart Token

Smart Token - it is just like a regular token except that it can authorize transactions.

Snapshot

Snapshot - The status of the blockchain at a particular block height is recorded via snapshot.

Social Engineering

Social Engineering - is a malicious act that uses human behavioral psychology to mislead people into making bad decisions that jeopardize their personal data.

Social Trading

Social Trading - an online community-driven approach to investing where traders and investors collaborate, share insights, and discuss market trends.

Soft Cap

Soft Cap - determines the lowest amount of funds that can be raised during an initial coin offering (ICO).

Soft Fork (Blockchain)

Soft Fork (Blockchain) - the modifications made to a blockchain in order to add or remove functionality without initiating any fundamental structural changes.

Soft Peg

Soft Peg - a strategy of maintaining the value of a currency against a reserve currency by utilizing an exchange rate mechanism.

Software Library

Software Library - a collection of reusable code that can be applied to other program development projects.

Software Stack

Software Stack - is a set of layers that work together during software development.

Software Wallet

Software Wallet - a type of application whose primary function is to create a virtual space for holding, sending, and receiving cryptocurrencies.

Solidity

Solidity - a programming language that is mostly used for developing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.

Source Code

Source Code - is a particular set of instructions as well as statements that lead to a computer program that was written by utilizing a high-level programming language.

SPAC

SPAC - a company that has the goal of raising money through an initial public offering (IPO) or merging with a company that already exists.

Spear Phishing

Spear Phishing - a targeted attack that aims to force the victim to reveal their personal data.

Speculative Investment

Speculative Investment - A Speculative Investment, or speculating, is a type of high-risk investment where there is an expectation of a high return.

Spoon (Blockchain)

Spoon (Blockchain) - A spoon is a sort of a blockchain fork in which a new coin acquires the old cryptocurrency’s account balances.

Spot

Spot - the transaction involving selling or buying cryptocurrency for its current rate.

Spot Market

Spot Market - a public market where digital currencies can be bought and sold for immediate delivery.

Spot Trading

Spot Trading - the practice of trading a financial instrument at its current price.

Spyware

Spyware - malware used to spy on infected electronic devices.

Stablecoin

Stablecoin - a fixed value cryptocurrency that is generally pegged to a fiat currency or an exchange-traded commodity.

Staking

Staking - the act of detaining crypto holdings to gain rewards or earn interest.

Staking Pool

Staking Pool - a pool to which several stakeholders combine their computing power to increase their staking power in return.

Stale Block

Stale Block - is a block that hasn’t been accepted by the current longest blockchain.

State Channel

State Channel - a second-layer scaling solution used to distribute on-chain and off-chain transactions to reduce network load.

Stochastic Oscillator

Stochastic Oscillator - a technical indicator used to identify overbought and oversold levels of various assets based on the price history.

Stop-Loss Order

Stop-Loss Order - an investing tool that allows investors to set a minimum trading price that triggers an order when it’s reached.

Storage (Decentralized)

Storage (Decentralized) - Decentralized storage is the idea of putting documents online by dividing them into encrypted fragments and delegating these fragments to multiple nodes on a distributed network.

Storage Miners

Storage Miners - crypto miners that rely on providing enough storage for nodes to validate transactions and establish consensus.

Store of Value

Store of Value - A product, asset, or currency that retains its worth over time is referred to as a store of value.

Subgraph Manifest

Subgraph Manifest - refers to a Subgraph component that contains information on Subgraph's data sources, templates, and other features.

Substrate

Substrate - a framework that allows the development of customized blockchains.

Supercomputer

Supercomputer - has superior GPUs and CPUs and is a significantly more powerful computer than a general-use computer in most households.

Supply and Demand

Supply and Demand - factors that regulate the price and determine the willingness of the trader to buy or sell assets.

Supply Chain

Supply Chain - the network of all individuals, groups, resources, tasks, activities, and technology used in a product's development and sale.

Supply Chain Attack

Supply Chain Attack - a technique that hackers use to get important information from third-party suppliers of major enterprises, organizations, and governments.

Support

Support - a technical analysis term that refers to a level that keeps the price of an asset stable and prevents it from going down.

Swarm

Swarm - multiple peers that are all sharing the same torrent.

Swing Failure Pattern (SFP)

Swing Failure Pattern (SFP) - a reversal pattern in which traders aim for stop-losses above (or below) a major swing low (or high) in order to generate enough liquidity to drive the price in the other direction.

Swing Trading

Swing Trading - is a type of short-term strategy when traders invest in financial instruments in order to profit after a price change.

Sybil Attack

Sybil Attack - a form of hacking that happens when an online network is weakened by creating numerous IDs.

Symbol

Symbol - is a shortened term for a crypto asset, token, or currency used in trade.

Synthetic Asset

Synthetic Asset - a hybrid of a digital currency and a traditional derivative.

Taint

Taint - refers to the cryptocurrency percentage in one account that can be traced back to a different account.

Tamper-Proof Ledger

Tamper-Proof Ledger - is any structure of documents that has the core features of a blockchain distributed ledger.

Tangle

Tangle - The IOTA Tangle is an alternative option to the blockchain.

Tank

Tank - a strongly negative financial performance of an asset.

Taproot

Taproot - a Bitcoin upgrade set to improve the network’s privacy, scalability, and overall efficiency.

Technical Analysis/Trend Analysis (TA)

Technical Analysis/Trend Analysis (TA) - an analysis method that examines price and volume charts to identify patterns, trends, and make predictions.

Technical Indicators

Technical Indicators - indicators that are based on the price, volume, or open interest of a security.

Terahashes Per Second

Terahashes Per Second - a unit that determines the rate of data processing power.

Testnet

Testnet - a blockchain that developers use for testing.

The Cantillon Effect

The Cantillon Effect - a shift in relative prices caused by a shift in the money supply.

The DAO

The DAO - the first decentralized autonomous organization in the history of blockchain.

The Greater Fool Theory

The Greater Fool Theory - states that no matter how overvalued an asset is, there will always be someone to buy it.

Think Long Term (TLT)

Think Long Term (TLT) - a mindset of making long-term investments.

This Is Gentlemen

This Is Gentlemen - is a phrase used to describe something good that has happened.

Throughput

Throughput - is used to measure the number of actions that can be carried out within a specific time.

Ticker (Symbol)

Ticker (Symbol) - The ticker symbol is a unique collection of letters issued to stocks or cryptocurrencies that allows them to be identified on exchanges and other trading platforms.

Time-Weighted Automated Market Maker (TWAMM)

Time-Weighted Automated Market Maker (TWAMM) - a part of decentralized exchanges (DEXs) that has the goal of making it easier for traders to execute large orders with minimum slippage and low gas expenses without lowering the price.

Time-Weighted Average Price (TWAP)

Time-Weighted Average Price (TWAP) - indicates the average price of an asset over a specified time period.

Timelock

Timelock - a blockchain mechanism of processing transactions at a predetermined time or in a specific block.

Timestamp

Timestamp - a categorization of when a certain transaction occurred.

Tipset

Tipset - a set of blocks with the same height and parent tipset that makes up a blockchain.

Token

Token - a digital asset built on the blockchain of another cryptocurrency that can be utilized in the crypto ecosystem.

Token Economy

Token Economy - In Token Economy blockchain technology enables tokenized assets to be exchanged without interference from a third party.

Token Generation Event (TGE)

Token Generation Event (TGE) - an event when a crypto project issues its tokens and makes them publicly available for purchasing.

Token Issuance

Token Issuance - the process of producing new tokens and adding them to a cryptocurrency's total token supply.

Token Lockup

Token Lockup - Cryptocurrency trading is not possible when a token lockup has been established for a set period of time.

Token Migration

Token Migration - the process of moving crypto tokens from one blockchain to another.

Token Sale

Token Sale - is a type of sale that’s done in advance of the official cryptocurrency launch.

Token Standard

Token Standard - a subset of the smart contract standard that is frequently included to explain how to generate, issue, and deploy new tokens.

Token Swap

Token Swap - a direct exchange of tokens between users or the migration of tokens from one blockchain to another.

Tokenize

Tokenize - Tokenization is the process of converting real-world assets into virtual assets known as tokens.

Tokenized Securities

Tokenized Securities - assets whose ownership rights have been converted into tokens.

Tokenized Stocks

Tokenized Stocks - are virtual assets that can be exchanged by using blockchain technology.

Tokenomics

Tokenomics - an umbrella term for the science of token economy.

TokenSets

TokenSets - a Set Protocol-based platform for portfolio administration.

Toll Bridge

Toll Bridge - is a pathway that demands a toll fee to gain access to additional functionalities.

Tor

Tor - a decentralized network that anonymizes user web traffic by encrypting it and sending it through a series of relays before it reaches its destination.

Total Exchange Volume

Total Exchange Volume - a measure of the total amount of a digital currency that has been moved on a particular exchange.

Total Supply

Total Supply - the total amount of cryptocurrency coins in existence, excluding the burned assets.

Total Value Locked (TVL)

Total Value Locked (TVL) - a measure that shows how many assets are currently staked in a protocol.

Trading Bot

Trading Bot - a program that is developed to trade cryptocurrency assets on the trader's behalf.

Trading Tournament

Trading Tournament - is a trading event held by crypto exchanges where users are encouraged to trade in order to reap rewards.

Trading Volume

Trading Volume - the total amount of digital currency traded in the past 24 hours.

TradingView

TradingView - online financial visualization and trading platform for various assets, including cryptocurrencies.

Transaction (TX)

Transaction (TX) - A transaction refers to the process where users exchange cryptocurrencies on a blockchain.

Transaction Fee

Transaction Fee - is a payment that a user is obligated to pay in return for using the blockchain to complete a transaction.

Transaction ID (TXID)

Transaction ID (TXID) - a unique string of characters that identifies transactions on the blockchain.

Transaction Triggers

Transaction Triggers - triggers that group various transactions and execute them if certain conditions are met.

Transactions Per Second (TPS)

Transactions Per Second (TPS) - a measure that indicates the number of transactions a network can process every second.

TRC-10 (TRON)

TRC-10 (TRON) - a token standard that is backed by the TRON blockchain and does not require the usage of the TRON Virtual Machine (TVM).

Treasury Bills (T-Bills)

Treasury Bills (T-Bills) - short-term debt obligations issued by the US government.

Treasury Bond (T-Bond)

Treasury Bond (T-Bond) - A Treasury Bond is a type of debt security that’s issued by the federal government of the United States.

Trojan

Trojan - refers to a type of malware that tricks its victims by appearing legitimate.

Truffle

Truffle - testing framework used on EVM-based blockchain networks.

Trust

Trust - defines a three-party arrangement where a trustor authorizes a trustee to hold specific assets for the benefit of the beneficiary.

Trustless

Trustless - system is an ecosystem in which there is no centralized authority.

Tumbler

Tumbler - a mixing service that makes cryptocurrency transactions more anonymous by breaking them down into smaller parts and mixing them with others.

Turing-Complete

Turing-Complete - refers to a system's prospective ability to solve all computation problems.

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) - grants access only to those users who pass two different authentication forms.

Type Checking

Type Checking - is a verification process in programming languages.

TypeScript Programming Language

TypeScript Programming Language - a programming language that builds on JavaScript.

Typosquatting

Typosquatting - a malicious activity of scamming people on counterfeit websites with misspelled URLs.

Unbanked

Unbanked - individuals that can’t access banking services (or choose not to).

Unconfirmed

Unconfirmed - A transaction that hasn't been added to the blockchain is considered to be unconfirmed.

UNI Token

UNI Token - UNI is the cryptocurrency utilized by the Uniswap platform.

Unit of Account

Unit of Account - a measurement for value.

United States House Committee on Financial Services (HFSC)

United States House Committee on Financial Services (HFSC) - the U.S. House of Representatives committee that oversees various aspects of the U.S. economy and financial services.

Unpermissioned Ledger

Unpermissioned Ledger - is a type of ledger where anyone can manage the data within it.

Unrealized Profit & Loss

Unrealized Profit & Loss - a theoretical profit or loss that appears on the balance sheet as a result of an investment that has not yet been liquidated for cash.

Unregulated

Unregulated - The term Unregulated defines the absence of control by a central authority.

Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO)

Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) - the unspent cryptocurrency that returns to the wallet after a transaction.

Unstoppable Domains

Unstoppable Domains - is a company that offers blockchain-based domain names to users.

US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)

US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) - financial intelligence and enforcement agency.

Use Case

Use Case - Use cases are examples of post-event communication between a human and a system or a system and another system.

User Interface (UI)

User Interface (UI) - the interaction between a user and a digital device such as a computer, smartphone, or tablet.

UTC Time

UTC Time - the world's principal time standard for regulating clocks and time.

Utility Token

Utility Token - a token created with the purpose of helping individuals to use something.

Validator

Validator - a member of a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain network, responsible for validating new blocks.

Vanity Address

Vanity Address - is a cryptocurrency public address that has distinctive letters and digits.

Vaporware

Vaporware - is a blockchain or software project that is only a concept and does not yet have a working product.

Venture Capital

Venture Capital - (VC) is a form of funding offered to startups that hold the potential to grow exponentially.

Verification Code

Verification Code - acts as a layer of security whose main goal is to deny access to internet bots.

Vesting Period

Vesting Period - a certain time period in which the sale of a token is restricted.

Virgin Bitcoin

Virgin Bitcoin - is a BTC that has never been spent.

Virtual Automated Market Makers (vAMMs)

Virtual Automated Market Makers (vAMMs) - are a new type of AMM that enables to trade tokenized derivatives directly through the blockchain due to its synthetic liquidity.

Virtual Machine

Virtual Machine - a distributed system that is intended to mimic the architecture of a computer.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Virtual Private Network (VPN) - a technology used to provide privacy and anonymity by creating a safe and encrypted network on a public internet connection.

Virtual Reality (VR)

Virtual Reality (VR) - digital technology used to create an immersive simulation of a real or fictional world.

Virus

Virus - malicious software program that infects a computer to spy on, corrupt, or destroy the system.

Vitalik Buterin

Vitalik Buterin - one of Ethereum’s co-founders.

Vladimir Club

Vladimir Club - a person who has acquired 0.01% of the maximum supply of a cryptocurrency is referred to as a member of this club.

Volatility

Volatility - a measurement that describes significant price movements.

Volume

Volume - the amount of cryptocurrency traded during a specific period.

Wallet

Wallet - a device, physical entity, program, or service on which private or public keys are stored.

WallStreetBets (WSB)

WallStreetBets (WSB) - a subreddit dedicated to conversations about options trading and stocks, often referred to simply as /r/wallstreetbets.

WannaCry Ransomware

WannaCry Ransomware - is a malicious software variant that came about in 2017.

Wash Trade

Wash Trade - Wash trading is a sort of market manipulation in which participants create false activity in the marketplace by selling and purchasing the same cryptocurrency at the same time.

Watchdog Organization

Watchdog Organization - is a non-profit organization that supervises the actions of the government or other organizations in the interest of the public.

Watchlist

Watchlist - a feature of the website that allows users to establish their own cryptocurrency lists.

Weak Hands

Weak Hands - a term that is usually used to describe a trader or investor who is compelled by fear to swiftly quit positions in response to nearly any negative news about the market.

Weak Subjectivity

Weak Subjectivity - the need for specific nodes to rely on other nodes when identifying the current state of a Proof-of-Stake blockchain.

Web 1.0

Web 1.0 - is a term that describes the earliest stages of the World Wide Web (WWW), or the web.

Web 2.0

Web 2.0 - a current version of the web that focuses on stability for front-end users, user-generated content, interoperability, and participatory culture.

Web 3.0

Web 3.0 - is a new era of internet services that utilize powerful machine learning and artificial intelligence to link online-based apps and create a more customized web.

Web3 Foundation

Web3 Foundation - a blockchain company that was developed to promote emerging decentralized web software protocols, technologies, and applications.

WebSocket

WebSocket - is a communication protocol that enables connections between a client and a server through a handshake.

Wei

Wei - refers to the smallest denomination of ether.

Whale

Whale - a person who has big amounts of cryptocurrencies and can influence the market prices either by buying or selling them.

When Lambo

When Lambo - a phrase used to describe the point at which cryptocurrency holders will be rich enough to buy a Lamborghini.

When Moon

When Moon - an expression used to ask when the price of cryptocurrencies will skyrocket.

Whiskers (Wicks)

Whiskers (Wicks) - the lines in a candlestick chart that extend from the colored bar and show the whole low-high range of a trading pair during a given time frame.

White Hat Computer Hacker

White Hat Computer Hacker - is someone who uses their knowledge and abilities to improve security by exposing flaws.

White-Label

White-Label - a prepared solution with a market-ready back-end and an easy-to-configure front-end.

Whitelist

Whitelist - a list of individuals, organizations, computer programs, or even cryptocurrency addresses that are allowed and identified.

Whitepaper

Whitepaper - summarizes the technology of a crypto project as well as what it hopes to achieve.

Winding Down

Winding Down - is the act of unwrapping tokens and returning them to their original condition in DeFi.

Winding Up

Winding Up - When someone says they’re Winding Up, it means that they’re wrapping crypto tokens for the purpose of finding the best yield.

Wrapped Ether (WETH)

Wrapped Ether (WETH) - the ERC-20 compatible version of Ether.

x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum)

x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum) - x86 Virtual Machine – a machine created by Qtum for executing smart contracts in various programming languages.

Yield Curve

Yield Curve - is a graphical representation of the connections between rates and maturities in fixed income markets.

Yield Farming

Yield Farming - the process of taking your cryptocurrency and trying to maximize its possible return by investing it in DeFi platforms.

Yield Sensitivity

Yield Sensitivity - a measure that determines how much the price of a fixed income asset fluctuates as interest rates vary.

YTD

YTD - Year to date YTD is a metric that analyzes an asset’s performance over the course of a calendar year, from January 1 to today.

Zero Confirmation/Unconfirmed Transaction

Zero Confirmation/Unconfirmed Transaction - a transaction that hasn't been confirmed or recorded on the blockchain.

Zero-Knowledge Proof

Zero-Knowledge Proof - a term used within the crypto sector which describes a way to prove that a specific piece of data is true without having to reveal it.

Zero-Knowledge Rollup

Zero-Knowledge Rollup - a Layer 2 blockchain solution that computes and stores data off-chain while keeping funds in a smart contract.

Zk-SNARKS

Zk-SNARKS - refers to a proof that enables one group to guarantee it owns particular data without disclosing it.

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