UK Judge Flags Made-Up Legal Cases in AI-Written Appeal

UK Judge Flags Made Up Legal Cases in AI-Written Appeal

Written by Aaron S.,

Editor-In-Chief

Last Updated: October 16, 2025

Key Takeaways

A UK barrister used AI tools to help write appeal documents, which led to the inclusion of false or unrelated legal cases;
The judge found that 10 of the 12 cited cases were either made up or did not support the arguments presented;
The barrister claimed the confusion came from his writing style, but the judge believed AI use was the most likely cause.

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A barrister representing two women in an asylum case was found to have relied on artificial intelligence (AI) to help draft legal documents.

According to a report by The Guardian, the case involved two sisters from Honduras who were seeking protection in the UK after claiming a criminal group had threatened them.

Their appeal reached the Upper Tribunal, where barrister Chowdhury Rahman presented their case.

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Judge Mark Blundell rejected the arguments Rahman put forward. According to him, there was no mistake in the decision made by the earlier judge. However, the judge’s concerns went beyond the appeal itself.

Rahman had listed 12 legal cases in his paperwork. When the judge examined them, he found that some cases were entirely fabricated, while others lacked relevance or failed to support the arguments made.

Judge Blundell identified 10 of these citations and described how they were used.

He noted that Rahman seemed unfamiliar with the cases he had included and had not planned to refer to them in his spoken arguments.

Rahman explained that the confusion was due to his writing style and said he used several websites during his research. However, the judge stated that the issue was not about unclear writing but about using references that were either false or unrelated.

Judge Blundell said the most likely reason for these problems was the use of an AI tool like ChatGPT to draft parts of the appeal.

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